Factitious disorder imposed on another information
Behavioral disorder (aka Munchausen syndrome by proxy)
Medical condition
Factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA)
Other names
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP)
Munchausen by proxy (MbP)
Factitious disorder imposed by another
Factitious disorder by proxy
Fabricated or induced illness by caregivers (FII)
Medical child abuse
Specialty
Psychiatry
Symptoms
Variable[1]
Causes
Unknown[2]
Risk factors
Complications of pregnancy, caregiver who was abused as a child or has factitious disorder imposed on self[3]
Diagnostic method
Removing the child from the caregiver results in improvement, video surveillance without the knowledge of the caregiver[4]
Differential diagnosis
Medical disorder, other forms of child abuse, delusional disorder[5]
Treatment
Removal of the child, therapy[2][4]
Frequency
Estimated 1 to 30 occurrences per 1,000,000 children[6]
Factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA), also known as fabricated or induced illness by carers (FII), and first named as Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP) after Munchausen syndrome, is a mental health disorder in which a caregiver creates the appearance of health problems in another person, typically their child.[7][8] This may include injuring the child or altering test samples.[7] The caregiver then presents the person as being sick or injured.[5] Permanent injury or death of the victim may occur as a result of their caregiver having the disorder.[7] The behaviour may be motivated by the caregiver seeking sympathy or attention.
The cause of FDIA is unknown.[2] The primary motive may be to gain attention and manipulate physicians.[4] Risk factors for FDIA include pregnancy related complications and a mother who was abused as a child or has factitious disorder imposed on self.[3] Diagnosis is supported when removing the child from the caregiver results in improvement of symptoms or video surveillance without the knowledge of the caregiver finds concerns.[4] The victims of those affected by the disorder are considered to have been subjected to a form of physical abuse and medical neglect.[1]
Management of FDIA in the affected 'caregiver' may require putting the child in foster care.[2][4][9] It is not known how effective therapy is for FDIA; it is assumed it may work for those who admit they have a problem.[4] The prevalence of FDIA is unknown,[5] but it appears to be relatively rare.[4] More than 90% of cases involve a person's mother.[3]
The prognosis for the caregiver is poor.[4] However, there is a burgeoning literature on possible courses of therapy.[3]
The condition was first named as "Munchausen syndrome by proxy" in 1977 by British pediatrician Roy Meadow.[4] Some aspects of FDIA may represent criminal behavior.[5]
^ abStirling J, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse Neglect (May 2007). "Beyond Munchausen syndrome by proxy: identification and treatment of child abuse in a medical setting". Pediatrics. 119 (5). Berlin, Germany: Karger Publishers: 1026–1030. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0563. PMID 17473106.
^ abcdJacoby DB, Youngson RM (2004). Encyclopedia of Family Health. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1286. ISBN 978-0761474869.
^ abcdYates G, Bass C (October 2017). "The perpetrators of medical child abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) – A systematic review of 796 cases". Child Abuse & Neglect. 72: 45–53. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.008. PMID 28750264. S2CID 46348831.
^ abcdefghiMyers JE (2005). Myers on Evidence in Child, Domestic, and Elder Abuse Cases. Aspen Publishers Online. pp. 280–282. ISBN 978-0735556683.
^ abcdAmerican Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 324–326, ISBN 978-0890425558
^Cite error: The named reference criddle was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abc"Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self – Psychiatric Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
^"Overview - Fabricated or induced illness". nhs.uk. 2021-02-16. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
^Kelley DM, Curran KA (2019). "Medical Child Abuse: An Unusual "Source" of Vaginal Bleeding". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 32 (3): 334–336. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2019.03.003. PMID 30923026. S2CID 85564487.
and 23 Related for: Factitious disorder imposed on another information
Factitiousdisorderimposedonanother (FDIA), also known as fabricated or induced illness by carers (FII), and first named as Munchausen syndrome by proxy...
Factitiousdisorderimposedon self, also known as Munchausen syndrome, is a factitiousdisorder in which those affected feign or induce disease, illness...
all such disorders. Factitiousdisorderimposedonanother (also called Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Munchausen by proxy, or factitiousdisorder by proxy)...
substance use disorders, suppliers of addictive substances, hypochondriacs or patients of factitiousdisorder and factitiousdisorderimposedonanother. A doctor...
to research Munchausen syndrome by proxy (now known as factitiousdisorderimposedonanother) on prison computers, and her mother had every symptom. "I...
factitiousdisorderimposedonanother, Munchausen by proxy is a condition in which a caregiver creates the appearance of health problems in another person...
for release on parole. Allitt's motives have never been fully explained. According to one theory, she showed symptoms of a factitiousdisorder also known...
An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that adversely affect a person's physical or mental health. Types of eating...
malingering. If done with a motive on others, it is known as Factitiousdisorderimposedonanother. Ancient writers, such as Homer, Hippocrates, and Aretaeus...
placed on trial for the murder of Tegan and the injury to Seth. It was reported that prosecutors believed that Davis suffered from Factitiousdisorder imposed...
other mental disorders, especially substance use disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. About 0.3% to...
breathing of infancy, choking, obstructive sleep apnea, factitiousdisorderimposedonanother (formerly Munchausen syndrome). Taking the history of the...
in reality is non-existent and cannot be detected by other people. This disorder is often accompanied by shame, embarrassment, significant distress, avoidance...
Bulimia nervosa, also known as simply bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging or fasting, and excessive concern...
Paediatrics and Child Health. 18 August 2017. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017. "Professor Sir Alan Moncrieff"...
publicly on the daytime talk show Dr. Phil, reporting that all 10 children documented as being under Shauna's care at one point or another, including...
disorders, or mental illnesses, which are a component of mental health. In 2019, about 970 million people worldwide suffered from a mental disorder,...
phrase used in popular culture to describe the assumption of a mental disorder for the purposes of evasion, deceit or the diversion of suspicion. In some...
these individuals fell into the following categories: delusional (64%), factitious/attention seeking (15%), hypersensitivity due to previous stalking (12%)...
in 1951, in which she discusses "factitious memory": "one route to the past (or the idea of the past) is factitious memory. That is to say, by art we...
Global Information