Ruling political party in Francoist Spain (1937–1977)
For the movement as a whole, see Falangism. For the Lebanese Phalange, see Kataeb Party. For other Falangist parties, see Falange.
Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive
Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista
Abbreviation
FET y de las JONS
Governing body
Movimiento Nacional[1]
National Chief
Francisco Franco[2]
Founded
19 April 1937; 87 years ago (1937-04-19)
Dissolved
7 April 1977; 47 years ago (1977-04-07)
Merger of
Traditionalist Communion Falange Española de las JONS
Headquarters
Calle de Alcalá 44, Madrid[note 1]
Newspaper
Arriba[4]
Student wing
Sindicato Español Universitario
Youth wing
Frente de Juventudes
Women's wing
Sección Femenina
Trade union
Spanish Syndical Organization
Sports body
Delegación Nacional de Deportes
Membership
932,000 (1942 est.)[5]
Ideology
Fascism[note 2]
Francoism[6]
Falangism
National syndicalism
Spanish nationalism[7]
Traditionalism[8][9]
National Catholicism[10]
Monarchism
Fascist corporatism
Catholic corporatism
Authoritarian conservatism
Political position
Far-right[11][12]
Religion
Roman Catholicism
European affiliation
European Social Movement[13][14]
Colours
Red Black
Anthem
Cara al Sol[15]
Party flag
Politics of Spain
Political parties
Elections
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Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista
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Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista(1931–1934)
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Ideology
National syndicalism
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Notable adherents
Ángel Alcázar de Velasco
Martín Almagro Basch
Nicasio Álvarez de Sotomayor
Juan Antonio Ansaldo
Agustín Aznar
Tomás Borrás
Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis
José Luis de Arrese
Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta
Rafael García Serrano
Alfonso García Valdecasas
Pierre Gemayel
José Antonio Girón
Manuel Hedilla
Ramiro Ledesma
Charles Luca
Gustavo Morales
Narciso Perales
José Antonio Primo de Rivera
Pilar Primo de Rivera
Onésimo Redondo
Dionisio Ridruejo
Luis Rosales
Julio Ruiz de Alda
Rafael Sánchez Mazas
Andrés Soriano
Óscar Únzaga
Enrique Zóbel de Ayala
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Related topics
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Part of a series on
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Militarism
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Related topics
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The Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (lit.'Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive'; FET y de las JONS),[16] frequently shortened to just "FET",[17] was the sole legal party of the Francoist regime in Spain. It was created by General Francisco Franco in 1937 as a merger of the fascist Falange Española de las JONS (FE de las JONS) with the monarchist neo-absolutist and integralist Catholic Traditionalist Communion belonging to the Carlist movement.[18] In addition to the resemblance of names, the party formally retained most of the platform of FE de las JONS (26 out of 27 points) and a similar inner structure.[19] In force until April 1977, it was rebranded as the Movimiento Nacional in 1958.[20]
^Payne, Stanley G. (2011-09-27). The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 446. ISBN 9780299110734.
^(1937–1975)
^"El yugo y las flechas de Alcalá 44, desmontados". El País. 10 April 1977.
^Jacob Fox Watkins (2014). "Not Just "Franco 's Spain" - The Spanish Political Landscape During Re-Emergence through the Pact of Madrid". Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. 39 (1). Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
^Payne 1987, p. 238.
^Cyprian P. Blamires (editor). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. pp. 219-220.
^"The Extreme Right in Spain - Surviving in the Shadow of Franco" (PDF). core.ac.uk. Hedda Samdahl Weltz. 2014.
^see e.g. González Cuevas 2008, pp. 1170–1171, Rodríguez Núñez 2013, Heleno Saña, Historia de la filosófia española, Madrid 2007, ISBN 9788496710986, p. 255 and onwards, in popular discourse Pradera is "one of the icons and pilars of Francoism", see ABC 25.10.04, available here
^Gonzalo Redondo Galvez, Política, cultura y sociedad en la España de Franco, 1939–1975, vol. 1, Pamplona 1999, ISBN 8431317132; according to the author, "el authoritarismo franquista no fue de signo fascista sino tradicionalista", according to another, "el authoritarismo franquista no fue de signo fascista sino tradicionalista", see Juan María Sanchez-Prieto, Lo que fué y lo que no fué Franco, [in:] Nueva Revista de Política, Cultura y Arte 69 (2000), pp. 30–38
^García-Fernández, Mónica (February 2022). "From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain". Contemporary European History. 31 (1, Special Issue: The Contemporary European History Prize). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press: 2–14. doi:10.1017/S0960777321000515. ISSN 1469-2171.
^Albanese, Matteo Antonio; Hierro, Pablo del (2013). "Una red transnacional. La "network" de la extrema derecha entre España e Italia después de la II Guerra Mundial, 1945-1968" (PDF). Falange, las culturas políticas del fascismo en la España de Franco (1936-1975), Vol. 2, 2013, ISBN 978-84-9911-216-9, págs. 6-24. Instituto "Fernando El Católico": 6–24. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
^Grecco, Gabriela de Lima (2016). "Falange Española: de la corte literaria de José Antonio al protagonismo del nacionalcatolicismo" (PDF). História e Cultura. 5 (Extra 3): 98–118. doi:10.18223/hiscult.v5i3.1999. ISSN 2238-6270. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
^(from 1951)
^Tauber, Kurt P. (1959). "German Nationalists and European Union". Political Science Quarterly. 74 (4): 564–589. doi:10.2307/2146424. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2146424.
^(English: Facing the Sun)
^Thomàs 2019, p. 1.
^Kershaw, Ian (2016). To Hell and Back: Europe 1914–1949. New York: Penguin Books. p. 309. ISBN 978-0-14-310992-1.
^Thomàs 2020, p. 39.
^Thomàs 2020, pp. 38–39.
^Thomàs 2020, p. 38.
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Tradicionalista to form the Falange Española Tradicionalista ydelasJONS (FETydelasJONS). Franco assumed the role of jefe nacional ("National Chief")...
Falangist party, FE delasJONS, merged with the Carlists in 1937 following the Unification Decree of Francisco Franco, to form FETydelasJONS. This new Falange...
of state in 1936. He consolidated all nationalist parties into the FETydelasJONS (creating a one-party state) and developed a cult of personality around...
officially reorganized and officially renamed the Falange Militia of the FETydelasJONS in 1940, combining blue shirts with Carlist red berets. Stanley G...
"Falange Exterior", was an organism of the Falange España Tradicionalista ydelasJONS, the single party of the Franco regime. It was in charge of coordinating...
led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FETydelasJONS. The end of the war in 1939 brought the extension of the Franco rule...
del Frente de Juventudes) was a political-administrative body created in Spain in 1940, as an autonomous youth section of FETydelasJONS, the only authorized...
Francisco Franco's directive to form a united National Movement, the FETydelasJONS. Blinkhorn, Martin (1975). Carlism and crisis in Spain, 1931-1939...
Party Rising Finland Stormers (Finland) Croix-de-Feu Faisceau Falange Española Tradicionalista ydelasJONS French National-Collectivist Party French Popular...
(Ľudaks) in Slovakia led by President Jozef Tiso, a Catholic priest. the FETydelasJONS of Spain led by Spanish Catholic Francisco Franco, which developed...