For other meanings, see Epistemic externalism and Semantic externalism.
Not to be confused with Externism.
Externalism is a group of positions in the philosophy of mind which argues that the conscious mind is not only the result of what is going on inside the nervous system (or the brain), but also what occurs or exists outside the subject. It is contrasted with internalism which holds that the mind emerges from neural activity alone. Externalism is a belief that the mind is not just the brain or functions of the brain.
There are different versions of externalism based on different beliefs about what the mind is taken to be.[1] Externalism stresses factors external to the nervous system. At one extreme, the mind could possibly depend on external factors. At the opposite extreme, the mind necessarily depends on external factors. The extreme view of externalism argues either that the mind is constituted by or identical with processes partially or totally external to the nervous system.
Another important criterion in externalist theory is to which aspect of the mind is addressed. Some externalists focus on cognitive aspects of the mind – such as Andy Clark and David Chalmers,[2] Shaun Gallagher[3] and many others[4] – while others engage either the phenomenal aspect of the mind or the conscious mind itself. Several philosophers consider the conscious phenomenal content and activity, such as William Lycan,[5] Alex Byrne[6] or Francois Tonneau;[7] Teed Rockwell[8] or Riccardo Manzotti.[9]
^Rowlands, M., (2003), Externalism. Putting Mind and World Back Together Again, Chesham, Acumen Publishing Limited.
^Clark, A. and D. Chalmers, (1999), "The Extended Mind." in Analysis, 58(1): 10-23.
^Gallagher, S., (2009), "Philosophical Antecedents of Situated Cognition" in P. Robbins and M. Aydede, Eds, The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
^Robbins, P. and M. Aydede, Eds, (2009), The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
^Lycan, W. G., (2001), "The Case for Phenomenal Externalism" in J. E. Tomberlin, Ed., Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 15: Metaphysics, Atascadero, Ridgeview Publishing: 17-36.
^Byrne, A. and M. Tye, (2006), "Qualia ain't in the Head." in Noûs, 40(2): 241-255.
^Tonneau, F., (2004), "Consciousness Outside the Head." in Behavior and Philosophy, 32: 97-123.
^Rockwell, T., (2005), Neither Brain nor Ghost, Cambridge (Mass), MIT Press.
^Manzotti, R., (2006), "An alternative process view of conscious perception." in Journal of Consciousness Studies, 13(6): 45-79.
activity alone. Externalism is a belief that the mind is not just the brain or functions of the brain. There are different versions of externalism based on different...
Although he did not use the term "externalism" at the time, Putnam is thought to have pioneered semantic externalism in his 1975 paper "The Meaning of...
internalism). Externalism about reasons (or reasons externalism) is the denial of reasons internalism. It is the view that there are external reasons for...
In economics, an externality or external cost is an indirect cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's...
Look up external in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. External may refer to: Externality, in economics, the cost or benefit that affects a party who did...
The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. These fibers run between the most lateral (toward the side of the head) segment...
External risks are generally something that is uncontrollable by the first party. In contract law, are risks that are produced by a non-human source and...
External sorting is a class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data. External sorting is required when the data being sorted do...
class of Twin-Earth-style arguments for externalism in the form of an argument that aims to show that externalism is incompatible with privileged self-knowledge...
An external auditor performs an audit, in accordance with specific laws or rules, of the financial statements of a company, government entity, other legal...
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents.: 5 The debtors can be governments, corporations...
A pecuniary externality occurs when the actions of an economic agent cause an increase or decrease in market prices. For example, an influx of city-dwellers...
In the theory of capital structure, external financing is the phrase used to describe funds that firms obtain from outside of the firm. It is contrasted...
In computing, external storage refers to non-volatile (secondary) data storage outside a computer's own internal hardware, and thus can be readily disconnected...
The external iliac arteries are two major arteries which bifurcate off the common iliac arteries anterior to the sacroiliac joint of the pelvis. The external...
External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered...
An external degree is a degree offered by a university to students who have not been required to be physically present within the geographic territory...
External inhibition is the observed decrease of the response of a conditioned reaction when an external (distracting) stimulus that was not part of the...
External validity is the validity of applying the conclusions of a scientific study outside the context of that study. In other words, it is the extent...
External counterpulsation therapy (ECP) is a procedure that may be performed on individuals with angina, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy. The FDA approved...
The external intercostal muscles or external intercostals (intercostales externi) are eleven in number on both sides. The muscles extend from the tubercles...
In cardiac surgery and vascular surgery, external support (or external stent) is a type of scaffold made of metal or plastic material that is inserted...
External lamina is a structure similar to basal lamina that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells. It is secreted by myocytes and consists primarily...
into the brain. This is often referred to as the account from externalism or ultra-externalism. In the BIV, the brain receives stimuli from a machine. In...
An external combustion engine (EC engine) is a reciprocating heat engine where a working fluid, contained internally, is heated by combustion in an external...
External association was a hypothetical relationship between Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations proposed by Éamon de Valera in 1921–1922, whereby...
In medicine, an external cause is a reason for the existence of a medical condition which can be associated with a specific object or acute process that...
The external sector is the portion of a country's economy that interacts with the economies of other countries. In the goods market, the external sector...