The external sphincter muscle of female urethra is a muscle which controls urination in females. The muscle fibers arise on either side from the margin of the inferior ramus of the pubis. They are directed across the pubic arch in front of the urethra, and pass around it to blend with the muscular fibers of the opposite side, between the urethra and vagina.
The term "urethrovaginal sphincter" ("sphincter urethrovaginalis") is sometimes used to describe the component adjacent to the vagina.[1][2][3][4][5]
The "compressor urethrae" is also considered a distinct, adjacent muscle by some sources,[6][7][8][9]
^Kyung Won, PhD. Chung (2005). Gross Anatomy (Board Review). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 262. ISBN 0-7817-5309-0.
^Rahn DD, Marinis SI, Schaffer JI, Corton MM (2006). "Anatomical path of the tension-free vaginal tape: reassessing current teachings". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 195 (6): 1809–13. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.07.009. PMID 17132484.
^Umek WH, Kearney R, Morgan DM, Ashton-Miller JA, DeLancey JO (2003). "The axial location of structural regions in the urethra: a magnetic resonance study in nulliparous women". Obstet Gynecol. 102 (5 Pt 1): 1039–45. doi:10.1016/j.obstetgynecol.2003.04.001. PMC 1226706. PMID 14672484.
^TA A09.5.03.006F
^FMA:30439
^Adam Mitchell; Drake, Richard; Gray, Henry David; Wayne Vogl (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 396. ISBN 0-443-06612-4.
^Jung J, Ahn HK, and Huh Y (September 2012). "Clinical and Functional Anatomy of the Urethral Sphincter". Int Neurourol J. 16 (3): 102–106. doi:10.5213/inj.2012.16.3.102. PMC 3469827. PMID 23094214.
^TA A09.5.03.005F
^FMA:30438
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