Global InformationOrgasm information
Orgasm (from Greek ὀργασμός, orgasmos; "excitement, swelling") or sexual climax (or simply climax) is the sudden discharge of accumulated sexual excitement during the sexual response cycle, resulting in rhythmic, involuntary muscular contractions in the pelvic region characterized by sexual pleasure.[1][2] Experienced by males and females, orgasms are controlled by the involuntary or autonomic nervous system. They are usually associated with involuntary actions, including muscular spasms in multiple areas of the body, a general euphoric sensation, and, frequently, body movements and vocalizations.[2] The period after orgasm (known as the resolution phase) is typically a relaxing experience, attributed to the release of the neurohormones oxytocin and prolactin as well as endorphins (or "endogenous morphine").[3]
Human orgasms usually result from physical sexual stimulation of the penis in males (typically accompanied by ejaculation) and of the clitoris in females.[2][4][5] Sexual stimulation can be by self-practice (masturbation) or with a sex partner (penetrative sex, non-penetrative sex, or other sexual activity). It is not requisite though as possibilities exist to reach orgasm without physical stimulation through psychological means.[6]
The health effects surrounding the human orgasm are diverse. There are many physiological responses during sexual activity, including a relaxed state created by prolactin, as well as changes in the central nervous system such as a temporary decrease in the metabolic activity of large parts of the cerebral cortex while there is no change or increased metabolic activity in the limbic (i.e., "bordering") areas of the brain.[7] There are also a wide range of sexual dysfunctions, such as anorgasmia. These effects affect cultural views of orgasm, such as the beliefs that orgasm and the frequency or consistency of it are either important or irrelevant for satisfaction in a sexual relationship,[8] and theories about the biological and evolutionary functions of orgasm.[9][10]
- ^ Winn P (2003). Dictionary of Biological Psychology. Routledge. p. 1189. ISBN 978-1-134-77815-7. Archived from the original on February 27, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
- ^ a b c See 133–135 Archived April 2, 2016, at Wikiwix for orgasm information, and page 76 Archived February 27, 2023, at the Wayback Machine for G-spot and vaginal nerve ending information. Rosenthal M (2012). Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society. Cengage. ISBN 978-0-618-75571-4.
- ^ Exton MS, Krüger TH, Koch M, et al. (April 2001). "Coitus-induced orgasm stimulates prolactin secretion in healthy subjects". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 26 (3): 287–94. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(00)00053-6. PMID 11166491. S2CID 21416299.
- ^ Wayne Weiten, Dana S. Dunn, Elizabeth Yost Hammer (2011). Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. Cengage. p. 386. ISBN 978-1-111-18663-0. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
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• O'Connell HE, Sanjeevan KV, Hutson JM (October 2005). "Anatomy of the clitoris". The Journal of Urology. 174 (4 Pt 1): 1189–95. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000173639.38898.cd. PMID 16145367. S2CID 26109805.
• Sharon Mascall (June 11, 2006). "Time for rethink on the clitoris". BBC News. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2009. - ^ Pfaus JG, Tsarski K (February 24, 2022). "A Case Of Female Orgasm Without Genital Stimulation - PMC". Sexual Medicine. 10 (2). doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2022.100496. PMC 9023237. PMID 35220156.
- ^ Georgiadis JR, Reinders AA, Paans AM, Renken R, Kortekaas R (October 2009). "Men versus women on sexual brain function: prominent differences during tactile genital stimulation, but not during orgasm". Human Brain Mapping. 30 (10): 3089–101. doi:10.1002/hbm.20733. PMC 6871190. PMID 19219848.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Sexuality Questions to the Kinsey Institute: Orgasm". iub.edu/~kinsey/resources. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
- ^ Geoffrey Miller (2011). The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature. Random House Digital. pp. 238–239. ISBN 978-0-307-81374-9. Archived from the original on February 27, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
- ^ Wallen K, Lloyd EA., Lloyd (May 2011). "Female sexual arousal: genital anatomy and orgasm in intercourse". Hormones and Behavior. 59 (5): 780–92. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.12.004. PMC 3894744. PMID 21195073. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2018.