The extended parallel process model (EPPM) is a fear appeal theory developed by communications scholar Kim Witte that illustrates how individuals react to fear-inducing messages.[1] Witte subsequently published an initial test of the model in Communication Monographs.[2]
The EPPM was developed by Witte as a response to the significant inconsistencies in fear appeal literature, serving as an extension of previous fear appeal models, hence the use of 'extended' in name 'EPPM'. The model is originally based on Leventhal's Parallel Process Model – a danger and fear control framework that studied how adaptive protective behaviour stemmed from attempts of danger control.[3] It also significantly draws from Roger's Protection motivation theory, which proposes two responses to fear-inducing stimuli: threat appraisal and coping appraisal.
The model's main theory is that when confronted with a fear-inducing stimulus, humans tend to engage in two simultaneous ways of message processing: a perceived efficacy appraisal (cognitive processing) and a perceived threat appraisal (emotional processing). Differences in message appraisal then lead to two behavioural outcomes, with individuals engaging in either a danger control process or a fear control process. In the case of the message being perceived as having no element of threat, individuals do not exhibit a response, and the message is ignored. The EPPM states that the danger control process leads to behavioural change, while the fear control process does not.
Witte's EPPM expands on previous fear appeal studies by explaining the reasons for failure in fear appeals and reincorporating fear as a central variable in the model. This is also the first fear appeal model that outlines the relationship between threat and efficacy in propositional forms.
The EPPM concludes that a fear control process leads to message rejection, while a danger control process leads to message acceptance, leading to adaptive behavioural changes.
^Witte K (December 1992). "Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model". Communication Monographs. 59 (4): 329–349. doi:10.1080/03637759209376276.
^Witte K (June 1994). "Fear control and danger control: A test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM)". Communication Monographs. 61 (2): 113–134. doi:10.1080/03637759409376328.
^Leventhal H (June 1971). "Fear appeals and persuasion: the differentiation of a motivational construct". American Journal of Public Health. 61 (6): 1208–1224. doi:10.2105/AJPH.61.6.1208. PMC 1529874. PMID 4110702.
and 27 Related for: Extended parallel process model information
The extendedparallelprocessmodel (EPPM) is a fear appeal theory developed by communications scholar Kim Witte that illustrates how individuals react...
The extendedparallelprocessmodel differs from many other fear appeal arguments because it suggests that fear arousal and danger control processes are...
Business ProcessModel and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business processmodel. Originally developed...
theory to explain behavior), the elaboration likelihood model, and the extendedparallelprocessmodel. Examples of well-known, and frequently applied, behavior...
Business processmodeling (BPM), mainly used in business process management; software development, or systems engineering, is the action of capturing...
the health risk field. Witte is the developer of the ExtendedParallelProcessModel. Witte’s model is a guideline that researchers use to predict how individuals...
(December 1992). "Putting the Feat Back Into Fear Appeals: The ExtendedParallelProcessModel". Communication Monographs. 59 (4): 329–349. doi:10.1080/03637759209376276...
processors of a multi-processor machine, with the goal of speeding up computations—parallel computing is impossible on a (one-core) single processor,...
execution per processor. In order to express parallelism, UPC extends ISO C 99 with the following constructs: An explicitly parallel execution model A shared...
bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) abstract computer is a bridging model for designing parallel algorithms. It is similar to the parallel random access machine...
massively parallelprocessor array, also known as a multi purpose processor array (MPPA) is a type of integrated circuit which has a massively parallel array...
allows component processes to be defined both as sequential processes, and as the parallel composition of more primitive processes. The relationships...
communication send a few bits in parallel. (Each such group of bits is called a "symbol"). Such techniques can be extended to send an entire byte at once...
model to other work is discussed in actor model and process calculi. According to Carl Hewitt, unlike previous models of computation, the actor model...
asynchronous concurrency, i.e., any system whose behavior can be modeled as a set of parallelprocesses governed by interleaving semantics. Therefore, CADP can...
language model (LLM) is a computational model notable for its ability to achieve general-purpose language generation and other natural language processing tasks...
volunteer computing projects Model checking OpenHarmony HarmonyOS Parallel distributed processingParallel programming model Plan 9 from Bell Labs Shared...
IBM introduced the Parallel Sysplex with the addition of the 9674 Coupling Facility (CF), new S/390 models, upgrades to existing models, coupling links for...
which defined the Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) and Extended Capability Port (ECP) bi-directional versions. Today, the parallel port interface is virtually...
it has become a de facto standard for communication among processes that model a parallel program running on a distributed memory system. Actual distributed...
A cognitive model is an approximation of one or more cognitive processes in humans or other animals for the purposes of comprehension and prediction. There...
non-word without semantic context. McClelland and Rumelhart's parallelprocessingmodel describes perception as the meeting of top-down (conceptual) and...
remains compatible with the parallelprocessing of transactions and the predictable resource consumption inherent to the UTXO model. It results in more expressive...
The process requires careful planning and control and a significant investment in labor hours. This entry focuses on the generic process of parallel adoption;...
"Simulation of biological cell sorting using a two-dimensional extended Potts model". Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (13): 2013–7. Bibcode:1992PhRvL..69.2013G....
Global Information