An example of a roofline model in its basic form. As the image shows, the curve consists of two platform-specific performance ceilings: the processor's peak performance and a ceiling derived from the memory bandwidth. Both axes are in logarithmic scale
The roofline model is an intuitive visual performance model used to provide performance estimates of a given compute kernel or application running on multi-core, many-core, or accelerator processor architectures, by showing inherent hardware limitations, and potential benefit and priority of optimizations. By combining locality, bandwidth, and different parallelization paradigms into a single performance figure, the model can be an effective alternative to assess the quality of attained performance instead of using simple percent-of-peak estimates, as it provides insights on both the implementation and inherent performance limitations.
The most basic roofline model can be visualized by plotting floating-point performance as a function of machine peak performance[vague][clarification needed], machine peak bandwidth, and arithmetic intensity. The resultant curve is effectively a performance bound under which kernel or application performance exists, and includes two platform-specific performance ceilings[clarification needed]: a ceiling derived from the memory bandwidth and one derived from the processor's peak performance (see figure on the right).
The rooflinemodel is an intuitive visual performance model used to provide performance estimates of a given compute kernel or application running on...
"Intel Advisor Roofline step-by-step Tutorial". "Using RooflineModel and Intel Advisor, presented by Sam Williams, Roofline performance model author". "Case...
Introduced as a 19631⁄2 model line for its first production run, the Mercury Marauder was distinguished by its sloped roofline (shared with the Ford Galaxie)...
ISBN 978-1482657753. Wescott, Bob (2013). The Every Computer Performance Book, Chapter 3: Useful laws. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1482657753. Rooflinemodel...
not a fastback design with a roofline that tapers downward toward the car's rear before being cut off abruptly. Some models, such as the Ford Mustang, have...
summarized in what is referred to as the rooflinemodel. The concepts of operational intensity and the rooflinemodel in general have recently become popular...
the Accord Crosstour) is a mid-size crossover SUV with a sloping rear roofline manufactured by Japanese automaker Honda. It is based on the North American...
"Sportback" (a five-door liftback with a fastback roofline) version of the Audi A4 saloon and estate models. Under Audi's internal platform numbering convention...
from hatchbacks from a styling perspective in having more of a sloped roofline. The term "fastback" may sometimes also be used by manufacturers to market...
activity coupé (SAC), the second model from BMW marketed as such after the X6, and features styling elements and the roofline of a traditional two-door coupé...
or truncated rear roofline and two (or three) doors, traditional two-door SUVs (including body-on-frame SUVs) such as certain models of Toyota RAV4 and...
a larger scale, the Continental model line was more closely integrated with Lincoln, differing primarily in roofline, trim, and grille. For 1959, Ford...
Delta 88. All models received fuselage styling somewhat similar to what Chrysler Corporation introduced on its 1969 models, and new rooflines with a more...
BMW X2 (SUV with coupé roofline, based on X1 platform) BMW X3 (SUV based on 3 Series platform) BMW X4 (SUV with coupé roofline, based on X3 platform)...
the model line. While the Marquis four-door shared much of its roofline with its Ford counterpart, the two-door hardtop was given its own roofline. The...
The Acura ZDX is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV with a sloping rear roofline developed by Honda for its upmarket brand Acura. The car was originally planned...
also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and two doors. The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages...
developed its own roofline, and rose during the mid-1970s to become not only the most popular Oldsmobile but the highest selling model in its class. It...
roofline with the Mustang hardtop, the Cougar received a large "flying buttress" C-pillars, extending into the rear fenders. To distinguish the model...
chassis and much of the two-door Coronet's front body with a fastback roofline following the pattern set by AMC's 1965 Marlin. Similar to the positioning...
early 1940s, as demonstrated on the Pontiac Torpedo. Rooflines are more squared off on four-door models with the six-window styling dropped on pillared sedans...
than the 1965-68 models including a formal roofline on coupes replacing the semi-fastback of previous years. Though the 1969 model was extensively restyled...
previous generations. The roofline, doors, and inner body panels were shared, with different outer body panels below the roofline. In 1973, the Mark IV received...
a variation of a hatchback car body style, with a more gently sloping roofline, roughly between 45 and 10 degrees, whereas traditional or archetypal hatchback...
substantial revision to its roofline, reintroducing the retractable rear window used by the 1958-1960 Continental model line and the Mercury Turnpike...
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