In the post-secondary education system of the United States, an expected family contribution (EFC) is an estimate of a student's, and for a dependent student, their parent(s)' or guardian(s)', ability to pay the costs of a year of post-secondary education. The EFC is used in the United States student financial aid process to determine an applicant's eligibility for need-based federal student aid. In most cases, the same estimate is also used for state and institutional (college-based) financial aid. The EFC is included on the Student Aid Report and Institutional Student Information Record, which are sent after filing a form called a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).[1]
There are a number of free calculators on the Web to help applicants estimate the EFC before filing the FAFSA. Recipients of need-based financial aid must reapply for each year by completing a new FAFSA.
The term and concept of Expected Family Contribution was replaced by the term Student Aid Index (SAI) in 2024.[2] While the minimum EFC was zero, the SAI can be a negative number as low as -1500.[3]
^"Federal Student Aid. Introduction to Federal Student Aid Course". U.S. Department of Education. Archived from the original on 2013-06-26.
^Lieber, Ron (January 4, 2020). "FAFSA's Expected Family Contribution Is Going Away. Good Riddance". New York Times.
^Douglas-Gabriel, Danielle (December 31, 2023). "The new FAFSA form for college aid is out. Five things to know". Washington Post.
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