Evacuation simulation is a method to determine evacuation times for areas, buildings, or vessels. It is based on the simulation of crowd dynamics and pedestrian motion. The number of evacuation software have been increased dramatically in the last 25 years.[1][2] A similar trend has been observed in term of the number of scientific papers published on this subject.[3] One of the latest survey indicate the existence of over 70 pedestrian evacuation models.[4] Today there are two conferences dedicated to this subject: "Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics" and "Human Behavior in Fire".[5][6]
The distinction between buildings, ships, and vessels on the one hand and settlements and areas on the other hand is important for the simulation of evacuation processes. In the case of the evacuation of a whole district, the transport phase (see emergency evacuation) is usually covered by queueing models (see below).
Pedestrian evacuation simulation are popular in the fire safety design of building when a performance based approach is used.[7] Simulations are not primarily methods for optimization. To optimize the geometry of a building or the procedure with respect to evacuation time, a target function has to be specified and minimized. Accordingly, one or several variables must be identified which are subject to variation.
^Kuligowski, Erica D.; Peacock, Richard D.; Hoskins, Bryan L. (2010-11-01). "A Review of Building Evacuation Models, 2nd Edition". NIST.
^Gwynne, S.; Galea Ed Galea, E. R.; Owen, M.; Lawrence, P. J.; Filippidis, L. (1999-11-01). "A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from the built environment". Building and Environment. 34 (6): 741–749. doi:10.1016/S0360-1323(98)00057-2. ISSN 0360-1323.
^Haghani, Milad; Lovreglio, Ruggiero; Button, Mary Langridge; Ronchi, Enrico; Kuligowski, Erica (2024-03-01). "Human behaviour in fire: Knowledge foundation and temporal evolution". Fire Safety Journal. 144: 104085. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.104085. ISSN 0379-7112.
^Lovreglio, Ruggiero; Ronchi, Enrico; Kinsey, Michael J. (2020-05-01). "An Online Survey of Pedestrian Evacuation Model Usage and Users". Fire Technology. 56 (3): 1133–1153. doi:10.1007/s10694-019-00923-8. ISSN 1572-8099.
^"Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics | Collective Dynamics". collective-dynamics.eu. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
^"Human Behaviour in Fire Symposium 2015". www.intersciencecomms.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
^Kuligowski, Erica D. (2016), Hurley, Morgan J.; Gottuk, Daniel; Hall, John R.; Harada, Kazunori (eds.), "Computer Evacuation Models for Buildings", SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 2152–2180, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_60, ISBN 978-1-4939-2565-0, retrieved 2024-02-03
and 27 Related for: Evacuation simulation information
for the simulation of evacuation processes. In the case of the evacuation of a whole district, the transport phase (see emergency evacuation) is usually...
contaminated area. Evacuation planning is an important aspect of business management of which emergency evacuation forms a part. Evacuations may be carried...
crisis training, architecture and urban planning, and evacuationsimulation. Crowd simulation may focus on aspects that target different applications...
pioneering research in fire modeling, human behavior in emergencies, and evacuationsimulation since 1986. He has served in several major public inquiries such...
Retrieved 12 February 2021. AGS employment in asymmetric warfare simulation scenario on YouTube AGS non-combatant evacuationsimulation scenario on YouTube...
Dilation and evacuation (D&E) or dilatation and evacuation (British English) is the dilation of the cervix and surgical evacuation of the uterus (potentially...
reversal Emergency evacuation Emergency management Evacuation process simulation List of mass evacuations Emergency airplane evacuation Shelter in place...
Vicsek, Simulation of Pedestrian Crowds in Normal and Evacuation Situations. In Schreckenberg and Sharma editors. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics...
Computer simulation is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which is designed to predict the behaviour of, or the outcome of...
air density, turbulence, wind shear, cloud, precipitation, etc. Flight simulation is used for a variety of reasons, including flight training (mainly of...
Operations Coordinator of the exercise was Scott Safer. Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC) simulation was conducted on the first day of the exercise for medical...
interface (GUI) for creation of FDS input files. (commercial) Office Fire Emergency EvacuationSimulation on YouTube Stack effect simulation on YouTube v t e...
events such as those that require evacuation routes. Applications of crowd analysis can range from video game crowd simulation to security and surveillance...
the evacuated installation by another vessel. Detailed guidance on hyperbaric evacuation is provided in IMCA D 052 - Guidance on hyperbaric evacuation systems...
Richard (May 2001), "Modeling and Simulation of the Gas Charging and Discharging Processes on Gun Bore Evacuator" (PDF), 19th International Symposium...
For example, in architecture, VR can be used to create a walk-through simulation of the inside of a new building; and AR can be used to show a building's...
dynamics (physics) that is specifically concerned with the measurement, simulation, and control of airflow. Managing airflow is of concern to many fields...
emergency in one tower, tenants can evacuate by crossing the skybridge to the other tower. The total evacuation triggered by a bomb hoax on 12 September...
known as the SOS Hyperlite or by the US military as the EEHS (Emergency Evacuation Hyperbaric Stretcher) is, or has been, in service with the US Army, Navy...
Neutral buoyancy simulation with astronauts immersed in a neutral buoyancy pool, in pressure suits, can help to prepare astronauts for the difficult task...
outside and may be some time." In 1912, Captain Edward Smith directing the evacuation of the RMS Titanic before going down with the ship. Major Allison Digby...
transport, public transport, freight transport, regional evacuation etc. The Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MATSim, edited by Andreas Horni, Kai Nagel, Kay W...
radius evacuation of 1,900 residents was ordered at 20:50. However, due to difficulty coordinating with the national government, a 3 km evacuation order...
which killed one person on the second floor of the museum, forced the evacuation of the painting, which had been on a floor above the fire, to the Whitney...
this emergency and evacuation was "text book" and an example to us all. To have safely executed this emergency ditching and evacuation, with the loss of...
co-operation agreed upon sharing information on wartime weather and the evacuation of civilian refugees from Britain to Ireland. Ireland's Operation Sandstone...
Global Information