System of dividing the Gospels used in the Middle Ages
Canon tables from the Garima Gospels, Ethiopic gospel manuscripts of the sixth century; showing original Late Antique arcaded forms subsequently perpetuated in Byzantine and Romanesque manuscriptsCanon table from the Book of Kells; the tables in the book were effectively unusable, as they were over-condensed and the corresponding sections were not marked in the main text. This is either because it is unfinished, or because it was a display book not meant for study.
Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus,[1] also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively. The sections are indicated in the margin of nearly all Greek and Latin manuscripts of the Bible, but can be also found in periphical Bible transmissions as Syriac and Christian Palestinian Aramaic (Codex Sinaiticus Rescriptus) 5th to 8th century,[2][3] and in Ethiopian manuscripts until the 14th and 15th centuries, with a few produced as late as the 17th century.[4] These are usually summarized in canon tables at the start of the Gospels. There are about 1165 sections: 355 for Matthew, 235 for Mark, 343 for Luke, and 232 for John; the numbers, however, vary slightly in different manuscripts.[5]
The canon tables were made to create a sense of divinity within the reader’s soul, to understand and reflect upon the various colors and patterns to achieve a higher connection with God.[6]
^D. C. Parker, An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and their Texts, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 24.
^Sebastian P. Brock, 'Review of Alain Desreumaux, Codex sinaiticus Zosimi rescriptus (Histoire du Texte Biblique, 3), The Journal of Theological Studies, NEW SERIES, 50 (1999), p. 766.
^Christa Müller-Kessler and Michael Sokoloff, The Christian Palestinian Aramaic New Testament Version from the Early Period. Gospels (A Corpus of Christian Palestinian Aramaic, IIA; STYX: Groningen, 1998), pp. 94–95, 97, 139–140, 168–169.
^Carla Zanotti-Eman, "Linear Decoration in Ethiopian Manuscripts", in African Zion, ed. Roderick Grierson (New Haven: Yale University, 1993), p. 66. ISBN 0-300-05819-5
^Bruce M. Metzger, Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 42. ISBN 978-0-19-502924-6
^Nersessian, Vrej (2001). The Bible in the Armenian Tradition. London: The British Library. pp. 70&74. ISBN 0-89236-640-0.
Eusebiancanons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late...
manuscript of the Eusebiancanons. Eberhard Nestle, who was among the first biblical scholars to call attention to the value of the Eusebiancanons for the New...
Eusebian may mean: of or relating to the EusebianCanons of or relating to the historiography and historical philosophy of Eusebius a follower of Eusebius...
historian Carl Nordenfalk considered the Eusebiancanon tables of the Echmiadzin Gospels (fols. 1–5, including the Eusebian letter) to be the best representative...
for readers". The EusebianCanons were an early system of division written in the margin of many manuscripts. The EusebianCanons are a series of tables...
In the letter Eusebius also discusses his own approach, i.e. the EusebianCanons in which the texts of the gospels are shown in parallel to help comparison...
of the parables of Jesus in the synoptic Gospels (Table 2, of the EusebianCanons). The concept concludes both synoptic versions of the parable of the...
of the Gospels is accompanied by marginal notations indicating the Eusebiancanons (an early system of dividing the four Gospels into different sections...
texts' divisions are given at the margin (κεφάλαια, Ammonian Sections, EusebianCanons). There are some scholia, corrections and other notes usually made...
divided according to the Ammonian Sections with references to the EusebianCanons, but Vaticanus used the older system of division. Vaticanus was prepared...
Apostolic Canons, which share a common source—the Apostolic Constitutions—with certain parts of the Orthodox Tewahedo New Testament broader canon.[citation...
Alexandrinus, and Ephraemi have the Ammonian Sections with references to the EusebianCanons. Codex Alexandrinus and Ephraemi Rescriptus use also a division according...
difficult to recover and on some pages it can only be identified by the Eusebiancanons at the bottom of the page. This was likely a complete gospel originally...
divided according to the Ammonian Sections with references to the EusebianCanons, but is divided into peculiar numbered sections: Matthew has 170, Mark...
be easier to find the pericopes that belong together. These canon tables or "Eusebiancanons" remained in use throughout the Middle Ages, and illuminated...
Carpianum (Letter to Carpian) of Eusebius of Caesarea explaining the EusebianCanons he had devised. Luxuriously illuminated gospel books were mainly a...
122 is composed of 117 pages. It includes three sections: the ten EusebianCanons (or tables) representing how each Gospel agrees with or differs from...
Gospels. In his comparison of the Gospels, Augustine made use of the EusebianCanons,: 126 a system of dividing up and comparing the four Gospels created...
identification in surviving manuscripts of an 'Aksumite Collection' of church canons and patristic extracts, whose translation into Ge'ez can be confidently...
(including, in addition to the four gospels, the Letter of Eusebius and the Eusebiancanons and the "mystical allegory of the economy of salvation") which already...
of the Greek manuscripts. He also explained the importance of the EusebianCanons and how to use them. Copies of the letter occur in many Latin manuscript...
Ammonian sections are given on the left margin, and a references to the EusebianCanons were added by a later hand in the 8th century. A note in the manuscript...
Lectionary with Old Testament pericopes CSRc Gospel Lectionary with EusebianCanons and Ammonian sections CSRd Lectionary with Gospel pericopes CSRe Lectionary...
titloi) written at the top of the pages. The Ammonian sections and the EusebianCanons are presented in the margin. Gospel of Matthew 1:1-24, 2:7-20, 3:4-6:24...
Stuttgart edition. The Weber-Gryson includes of Jerome's prologues and the EusebianCanons. It contains two Psalters, the Gallicanum and the juxta Hebraicum,...
could not have been written before about 325 because it contains the EusebianCanons, which is a terminus post quem. The terminus ante quem is less certain...
according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the EusebianCanons. It contains prolegomena, the tables of contents (also known as κεφαλαια)...
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