Due to their unequal bargaining power,[1] consumers are entitled to a legislative "charter of rights" to safe and healthy products, fair terms, proper information free from misleading advertising and marketing, and rights of cancellation.
European consumer law concerns consumer protection within Europe, particularly through European Union law and the European Convention on Human Rights. Article 169 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union enables the EU to use its ordinary legislative procedure to protect consumers "health, safety and economic interests" and promote rights to "information, education and to organise themselves in order to safeguard their interests".[2] All member states may grant higher protection, and a "high level of consumer protection" is regarded as a fundamental right.[3] Consumers are entitled to a legislative "charter of rights" to safe and healthy products, fair terms, proper information free from misleading advertising and marketing, and rights of cancellation. Beyond these general principles, and outside specific sectors, there are four main Directives: the Product Liability Directive 1985, Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Directive 1993, Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005 and the Consumer Rights Directive 2011, requiring information and cancellation rights for consumers. As a whole, the law is designed to ensure that consumers in the EU are entitled to the same minimum rights wherever they make their transactional decisions, and largely follows inspiration from theories of consumer protection developed in California, and the Consumer Bill of Rights proclaimed by John F. Kennedy in May 1962.[citation needed] The European Court of Justice has continually affirmed the importance of ensuring more consumer rights than in commercial contracts, both because of information asymmetry, and inequality of bargaining power.[1]
^ abSee Banco Español de Crédito SA v Camino (2012) Case C-618/10, [39] and Océano Grupo Editorial and Salvat Editores (2000) C-240/98 to C-244/98 and [2000] ECR I-4941, [25]
^TFEU art 169
^TFEU art 169(3) and the CFREU art 38
and 26 Related for: European consumer law information
Europeanconsumerlaw concerns consumer protection within Europe, particularly through European Union law and the European Convention on Human Rights....
against unfair practices in the marketplace. Consumer protection measures are often established by law. Such laws are intended to prevent businesses from engaging...
The concept of the informed consumer is fundamental in the law of the European Union. Since the European Council Resolution of 14 April 1975, one of the...
European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union (EU). Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel...
interactive products. The law primarily uses a notion of the consumer in relation to consumer protection laws, and the definition of consumer is often restricted...
Lemon laws are laws that provide a remedy for purchasers of cars and other consumer goods in order to compensate for products that repeatedly fail to...
regulates unfair business practices in EU law, as part of Europeanconsumerlaw. It requires corresponding laws to be passed that incorporate it into each...
entities in Europe and beyond. Pascal Pichonnaz, professor for Swiss contract law, Roman law, and Europeanconsumerlaw and comparative contract law at the...
article 107. Primary authority for applying competition law within the European Union rests with European Commission and its Directorate General for Competition...
The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) is a state statute intended to enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of the state of...
several European countries with civil law, have made changes in recent years to allow consumer organizations to bring claims on behalf of consumers. In a...
scope to include the consumer electronics industry; on October 1, 2001, the association merged with the European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers...
2016/679, abbreviated GDPR) is a European Union regulation on information privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR...
eShop's policy on pre-order refunds violated European consumerlaw. As the NCC outlined, while Europeanlaw requires digital storefronts to provide refunds...
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15) is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which consolidates existing consumer protection law legislation and...
customer expectations and legal requirements for consumer privacy. Consumer privacy protection is the use of laws and regulations to protect individuals from...
The following is a list of laws providing an overview of laws and regulations that aim to protect consumers from microtransactions. The Federal Trade Commission...
comprehensive information privacy law, but rather having adopted limited sectoral laws in some areas like the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The German...
It was superseded by the Consumer Rights Act 2015, which regulates unfair terms in consumer contracts in English contract law. The scope of the Directive...
Act: covers the collection and use of data contained in consumer reports. Federal Securities Laws: may require data security controls and data breach reporting...
The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1277) is a statutory instrument in the United Kingdom made under the European Communities...
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: A More Coherent European Contract Law - An Action Plan, 2003/C 63/01, published...
membership of the European Union is open to any European country that is a stable, free-market liberal democracy that respects the rule of law and human rights...
status. It emerged in Western Europe before the Industrial Revolution and became widespread around 1900. In economics, consumerism refers to policies that emphasize...
Global Information