Geometric model of the planar projection of the physical universe
"Plane (geometry)" redirects here. For generalizations, see Plane (mathematics). For its applications, see Plane (physics).
Bi-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system
Geometry
Projecting a sphere to a plane
Outline
History (Timeline)
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Non-Archimedean geometry
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Discrete/Combinatorial
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Noncommutative geometry
Noncommutative algebraic geometry
Concepts
Features
Dimension
Straightedge and compass constructions
Angle
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Orthogonality (Perpendicular)
Parallel
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Zero-dimensional
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One-dimensional
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segment
ray
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Area
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Pythagorean theorem
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Three-dimensional
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cuboid
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Four- / other-dimensional
Tesseract
Hypersphere
Geometers
by name
Aida
Aryabhata
Ahmes
Alhazen
Apollonius
Archimedes
Atiyah
Baudhayana
Bolyai
Brahmagupta
Cartan
Coxeter
Descartes
Euclid
Euler
Gauss
Gromov
Hilbert
Huygens
Jyeṣṭhadeva
Kātyāyana
Khayyám
Klein
Lobachevsky
Manava
Minkowski
Minggatu
Pascal
Pythagoras
Parameshvara
Poincaré
Riemann
Sakabe
Sijzi
al-Tusi
Veblen
Virasena
Yang Hui
al-Yasamin
Zhang
List of geometers
by period
BCE
Ahmes
Baudhayana
Manava
Pythagoras
Euclid
Archimedes
Apollonius
1–1400s
Zhang
Kātyāyana
Aryabhata
Brahmagupta
Virasena
Alhazen
Sijzi
Khayyám
al-Yasamin
al-Tusi
Yang Hui
Parameshvara
1400s–1700s
Jyeṣṭhadeva
Descartes
Pascal
Huygens
Minggatu
Euler
Sakabe
Aida
1700s–1900s
Gauss
Lobachevsky
Bolyai
Riemann
Klein
Poincaré
Hilbert
Minkowski
Cartan
Veblen
Coxeter
Present day
Atiyah
Gromov
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In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.
A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
In mathematics, a Euclideanplane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted E 2 {\displaystyle {\textbf {E}}^{2}} or E 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {E}...
In geometry, a Euclideanplane isometry is an isometry of the Euclideanplane, or more informally, a way of transforming the plane that preserves geometrical...
Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements...
distance from a point to a line, in the Euclideanplane The distance from a point to a plane in three-dimensional Euclidean space The distance between two lines...
commonly called respectively Euclidean lines and Euclideanplanes. The qualifier "Euclidean" is used to distinguish Euclidean spaces from other spaces that...
a non-Euclidean geometry. The parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry is replaced with: For any given line R and point P not on R, in the plane containing...
mathematics, a projective plane is a geometric structure that extends the concept of a plane. In the ordinary Euclideanplane, two lines typically intersect...
Perga's systematic work on their properties. The conic sections in the Euclideanplane have various distinguishing properties, many of which can be used as...
three mutually perpendicular planes. More generally, n Cartesian coordinates specify the point in an n-dimensional Euclidean space for any dimension n....
floors. More formally, a tessellation or tiling is a cover of the Euclideanplane by a countable number of closed sets, called tiles, such that the tiles...
Euclideanplane tilings by convex regular polygons have been widely used since antiquity. The first systematic mathematical treatment was that of Kepler...
In mathematics, a plane curve is a curve in a plane that may be a Euclideanplane, an affine plane or a projective plane. The most frequently studied cases...
In mathematics, a Euclidean group is the group of (Euclidean) isometries of a Euclidean space E n {\displaystyle \mathbb {E} ^{n}} ; that is, the transformations...
the study of incidence structures. A geometric structure such as the Euclideanplane is a complicated object that involves concepts such as length, angles...
sides (edges) and two vertices. Its construction is degenerate in a Euclideanplane because either the two sides would coincide or one or both would have...
to specify a point in the projective plane. The real projective plane can be thought of as the Euclideanplane with additional points added, which are...
geometry has a variety of properties that differ from those of classical Euclideanplane geometry. For example, the sum of the interior angles of any triangle...
tools of spherical trigonometry are in many respects analogous to Euclideanplane geometry and trigonometry, but also have some important differences...
shape in the plane. Classically, this system is defined for the Euclideanplane but one can also consider the system in the hyperbolic plane or in other...
mathematician. It is the name of: Euclidean space, the two-dimensional plane and three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry as well as their higher...
Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle. It states that the...
In Euclidean geometry, two-dimensional rotations and reflections are two kinds of Euclideanplane isometries which are related to one another. A rotation...
geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry, which includes the notions of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as...