The error vector magnitude or EVM (sometimes also called relative constellation error or RCE) is a measure used to quantify the performance of a digital radio transmitter or receiver. A signal sent by an ideal transmitter or received by a receiver would have all constellation points precisely at the ideal locations, however various imperfections in the implementation (such as carrier leakage, low image rejection ratio, phase noise etc.) cause the actual constellation points to deviate from the ideal locations. Informally, EVM is a measure of how far the points are from the ideal locations.
Noise, distortion, spurious signals, and phase noise all degrade EVM, and therefore EVM provides a comprehensive measure of the quality of the radio receiver or transmitter for use in digital communications. Transmitter EVM can be measured by specialized equipment, which demodulates the received signal in a similar way to how a real radio demodulator does it. One of the stages in a typical phase-shift keying demodulation process produces a stream of I-Q points which can be used as a reasonably reliable estimate for the ideal transmitted signal in EVM calculation.
and 23 Related for: Error vector magnitude information
The errorvectormagnitude or EVM (sometimes also called relative constellation error or RCE) is a measure used to quantify the performance of a digital...
in-channel measurements, such as errorvectormagnitude, code domain power, and spectral flatness, on known signals. Vector signal analyzers are useful in...
points is its magnitude. The modulation error ratio is equal to the ratio of the root mean square (RMS) power (in Watts) of the reference vector to the power...
{\displaystyle \sigma } . The distance error is the magnitude of that vector; it is a property of 2D Gaussian vectors that the magnitude follows the Rayleigh distribution...
Electronic voting machine EnviroMission, an Australian energy company Errorvectormagnitude, measure of radio transmission/reception Estonian Open Air Museum...
In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) or mean squared deviation (MSD) of an estimator (of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity) measures...
Pyramid vector quantization (PVQ) is a method used in audio and video codecs to quantize and transmit unit vectors, i.e. vectors whose magnitudes are known...
factor λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . Geometrically, vectors are multi-dimensional quantities with magnitude and direction, often pictured as arrows. A linear...
unified manner. The impulse vector makes it easy to obtain impulse time and magnitude of the input shaper graphically. A vector concept for an input shaper...
because such errors leave the result "close" to the correct vector. Reasoning using vectors is not compromised. HDC is at least 10x more error tolerant than...
(/ˈreɪli/). A Rayleigh distribution is often observed when the overall magnitude of a vector in the plane is related to its directional components. One example...
measurement. Vector magnetometers measure the vector components of a magnetic field. Total field magnetometers or scalar magnetometers measure the magnitude of...
In computing, a vector processor or array processor is a central processing unit (CPU) that implements an instruction set where its instructions are designed...
and force is a vector (i.e. having both magnitude and direction), so it follows that an electric field may be described by a vector field.: 469–70 The...
pulling mathematically precise. Because the magnitude and direction of a force are both important, force is a vector quantity. The SI unit of force is the newton...
eigenvalue error = |λ ⋅ r − s| r = s / norm(s) exit if error < tolerance return λ, r This power iteration algorithm simply calculates the vector XT(X r)...
celerity which is proper velocity. Speed is a scalar, being the magnitude of the velocity vector which in relativity is the four-velocity and in three-dimension...
the scalar magnitude of their respective vectors, and θ is the angle between the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field. The vector B is defined...
can identify every A ∈ so(3) with an Euler vector ω = θu, where u = (x, y, z) is a unit magnitudevector. By the properties of the identification s u...
rate of 1 Gbit/s was achieved over a distance of 2.5 m, with an errorvectormagnitude (EVM) of 25% Phased array Metamaterial Dielectric Lens Millimeter...
pseudocode, stochastic gradient descent can be presented as : Choose an initial vector of parameters w {\displaystyle w} and learning rate η {\displaystyle \eta...
meanings. In physics, a force is considered a vector quantity. This means that it not only has a size (or magnitude) but also a direction in which it acts....
older error samples. The cost function is minimized by taking the partial derivatives for all entries k {\displaystyle k} of the coefficient vector w n...