An equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions
For the use of this in cosmology, see Equation of state (cosmology). For the use of this concept in optimal control theory, see Optimal control § General method.
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy.[1] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of pure substances and mixtures in liquids, gases, and solid states as well as the state of matter in the interior of stars.
Thermodynamics
The classical Carnot heat engine
Branches
Classical
Statistical
Chemical
Quantum thermodynamics
Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium
Laws
Zeroth
First
Second
Third
Systems
Closed system
Open system
Isolated system
State
Equation of state
Ideal gas
Real gas
State of matter
Phase (matter)
Equilibrium
Control volume
Instruments
Processes
Isobaric
Isochoric
Isothermal
Adiabatic
Isentropic
Isenthalpic
Quasistatic
Polytropic
Free expansion
Reversibility
Irreversibility
Endoreversibility
Cycles
Heat engines
Heat pumps
Thermal efficiency
System properties
Note: Conjugate variables in italics
Property diagrams
Intensive and extensive properties
Process functions
Work
Heat
Functions of state
Temperature / Entropy (introduction)
Pressure / Volume
Chemical potential / Particle number
Vapor quality
Reduced properties
Material properties
Property databases
Specific heat capacity
Compressibility
Thermal expansion
Equations
Carnot's theorem
Clausius theorem
Fundamental relation
Ideal gas law
Maxwell relations
Onsager reciprocal relations
Bridgman's equations
Table of thermodynamic equations
Potentials
Free energy
Free entropy
Internal energy
Enthalpy
Helmholtz free energy
Gibbs free energy
History
Culture
History
General
Entropy
Gas laws
"Perpetual motion" machines
Philosophy
Entropy and time
Entropy and life
Brownian ratchet
Maxwell's demon
Heat death paradox
Loschmidt's paradox
Synergetics
Theories
Caloric theory
Vis viva("living force")
Mechanical equivalent of heat
Motive power
Key publications
An Experimental Enquiry Concerning ... Heat
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire
Timelines
Thermodynamics
Heat engines
Art
Education
Maxwell's thermodynamic surface
Entropy as energy dispersal
Scientists
Bernoulli
Boltzmann
Bridgman
Carathéodory
Carnot
Clapeyron
Clausius
de Donder
Duhem
Gibbs
von Helmholtz
Joule
Kelvin
Lewis
Massieu
Maxwell
von Mayer
Nernst
Onsager
Planck
Rankine
Smeaton
Stahl
Tait
Thompson
van der Waals
Waterston
Other
Nucleation
Self-assembly
Self-organization
Order and disorder
Category
v
t
e
^Perrot, Pierre (1998). A to Z of Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856552-9.
chemistry, an equationofstate is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the stateof matter under a given set of physical conditions...
The van der Waals equation, named for its originator, the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, is an equationofstate that extends the ideal...
Murnaghan equationofstate is a relationship between the volume of a body and the pressure to which it is subjected. This is one of many stateequations that...
{V_{\text{m}}}{V_{\text{m,c}}}},\ T_{r}={\frac {T}{T_{\text{c}}}}\ } the equationofstate can be written in the reduced form: p r = 3 T r V r − b ′ − 1 b ′...
called the general gas equation, is the equationofstateof a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many...
model of thermodynamic equationsofstate. It expresses the pressure P of a gas in local equilibrium as a power series of the density. This equation may...
In physics, the acoustic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material...
(found from the equationofstate), and c {\displaystyle c} is the speed of light. Using the TOV equations and an equationofstate, a mass-radius curve...
connects the equationofstate to one or more thermodynamic energy properties. Here we refer to it as a "thermodynamic equationofstate." The fundamental...
Friedmann equations, also known as the Friedmann-Lemaître or FL equations, are a set ofequations in physical cosmology that govern the expansion of space...
with an equationofstate for the considered material. For an ideal gas, evaluating the partial derivatives above according to the equationofstate, where...
A Bellman equation, named after Richard E. Bellman, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known...
Solutions of the Einstein field equations are metrics of spacetimes that result from solving the Einstein field equations (EFE) of general relativity....
on the equationofstate for gases and liquids. Van der Waals started his career as a schoolteacher. He became the first physics professor of the University...
fluid mechanics, the Tait equation is an equationofstate, used to relate liquid density to hydrostatic pressure. The equation was originally published...
equationofstate that accurately predicts the properties of all gases under all conditions. Therefore, a number of much more accurate equationsof state...
Global Information
