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Environmental governance is a concept in environmental policy that steers markets, technology and society towards sustainability. It considers social, economic and environmental aspects of its policies.
Brazil is currently developing very fast rate, only out-performed by countries such as China and India, both in terms of economic growth[1] and its recovery rate after the global financial crisis in the late 2000s.[2]
The saying that “Brazil is the country of the future...and it always will be” has haunted Brazil for decades.[3] But economic policy changes made since the founding of the New Republic have allowed Brazil to gain international confidence. American President Barack Obama stated that “The people of Brazil should know that the future has arrived” during a visit to Rio de Janeiro in March 2011.[4][unreliable source?] Brazil is no longer referred to as a developing country, but as an emerging country, a newly industrialised country (NIC) and a member of the BRIC economies. But with this growth rate comes huge responsibility in terms of sustainability. Brazil's economic growth is supported by the huge demand for natural resources from China, resources that Brazil has in abundance. Brazil is currently successfully matching the needs of China's manufacturing industry and with huge investments currently being made to sustain this demand from China, Brazil is building new ports and airports and increasing the capacity of its current ones.[5][unreliable source?]
The extraction of natural resources is coming at a price for the natural environment. Former Environment Minister Marina Silva resigned in 2008 as she felt the Brazilian government was prioritizing the interests of big businesses and the economy, and felt she was fighting a losing battle to protect l Brazil's environment, including the Amazon rainforest.[6]
Despite these claims, Brazil has been praised for its environmental sustainability efforts and attempts to reduce its carbon emissions.[7][8][9] The Brazilian government created the Ministry of the Environment (MMA) in 1985 and following this, organisations such as IBAMA, created in 1989, work to protect the natural environment. Brazil has also taken a front seat with regards to global environmental governance by jointly creating and presiding over the Megadiverse Like-Minded Countries Group, which includes 70% of the world's living biodiversity and 45% of the world's population.[10]
^UN (2010). World Economic Situation and Prospects 2010 [online] Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/policy/wess/wesp2010files/pr_en2010.pdf [Accessed 14 May 2011]
^Mussa, Michael (8 April 2010). "Global Economic Prospects for 2010 and 2011: Global Recovery Continues" (PDF). Peterson Institute for International Economics. No. Paper presented at the 17th semiannual meeting on Global Economic Prospects. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
^Luparia, Sebastian (August 2009). "The Future Is Now: Why Brazil may be the strongest BRIC". J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
^Carrenho, Carlo (21 April 2011). "Brazil Is the Country of the Future, and the Future is Now". Publishing Perspectives.
^Phillips, Tom (24 December 2010). "Brazil's highway to China". China Dialogue.
^William F. Laurance; Mark A. Cochrane; Scott Bergen; Philip M. Fearnside; Patricia Delamônica; Christopher Barber; Sammya D'Angelo; Tito Fernandes (2001). "The Future of the Brazilian Amazon" (PDF). Science. 291 (5503): 438–439. doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.438. PMID 11228139.
^"Brazil wants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 4.8 billion tons" Archived 2010-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, Port of Entry, 2008.
^"Brazil aims to reduce CO2 emission by almost 40 per cent", Earth Times, 15 November 2009.
^Miguel Calmon; Pedro H. S. Brancalion; Adriana Paese; James Aronson; Pedro Castro; Sabrina C. da Silva; Ricardo R. Rodrigues (March 2011). "Emerging Threats and Opportunities for Large-Scale Ecological Restoration in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil" (PDF). Restoration Ecology. 19 (2): 154–158. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00772.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
^Barros-Platiau, Ana Flávia (December 2010). "When emergent countries reform global governance of climate change: Brazil under Lula". Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. 53: 73–90. doi:10.1590/S0034-73292010000300005.
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