Glass which has been decorated with vitreous enamel
Not to be confused with vitreous enamel, which is a very similar technique, but used on metal
The Reichsadlerhumpen, a glass with the double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, and the arms of the various territories on its wings, was a popular showpiece of enamelled glass in the German lands from the 16th century on. Dated 1743, this is a late exampleThe Luck of Edenhall, a 13th-century enamelled glass cup made in Syria or Egypt
Enamelled glass or painted glass is glass which has been decorated with vitreous enamel (powdered glass, usually mixed with a binder) and then fired to fuse the glasses. It can produce brilliant and long-lasting colours, and be translucent or opaque. Unlike most methods of decorating glass, it allows painting using several colours, and along with glass engraving, has historically been the main technique used to create the full range of image types on glass.
All proper uses of the term "enamel" refer to glass made into some flexible form, put into place on an object in another material, and then melted by heat to fuse them with the object. It is called vitreous enamel or just "enamel" when used on metal surfaces, and "enamelled" overglaze decoration when on pottery, especially on porcelain. Here the supporting surface is glass. All three versions of the technique have been used to make brush-painted images, which on glass and pottery are the normal use of the technique.
Enamelled glass is only one of the techniques used in luxury glass, and at least until the Early Modern period it appears in each of the leading centres of this extravagant branch of the decorative arts, although it has tended to fall from fashion after two centuries or so. After a brief appearance in ancient Egypt, it was first made in any quantity in various Greco-Roman centres under the Roman Empire, then medieval Egypt and Syria, followed by medieval Venice, from where it spread across Europe, but especially to the Holy Roman Empire. After a decline from the mid-18th century, in the late 19th century it was revived in newer styles, led by French glassmakers. Enamel on metal remained a constant in goldsmithing and jewellery, and though enamelled glass seems to virtually disappear at some points, this perhaps helped the technique to revive quickly when a suitable environment arrived.
It has also been a technique used in stained glass windows, in most periods supplementary to other techniques, and has sometimes been used for portrait miniatures and other paintings on flat glass.
Enamelledglass or painted glass is glass which has been decorated with vitreous enamel (powdered glass, usually mixed with a binder) and then fired to...
terms: on glass as enamelledglass, or "painted glass", and on pottery it is called overglaze decoration, "overglaze enamels" or "enamelling". The craft...
powder Enamelledglass, glass which has been decorated with vitreous enamel Overglaze enamelling, painting on top of glaze in pottery Tooth enamel, the...
and is the application of vitreous enamel to pottery; enamelledglass is very similar but on glass. Both these latter two are essentially painting techniques...
correctly, it means enamelledglass, normally relatively small vessels which have been painted with preparations of vitreous enamel, and then fixed by...
stained glass is also applied to windows in enamelledglass in which the colours have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln;...
this are enamelledglass, essentially a technique for painting patterns or images, used for both glass vessels and on stained glass, and glass paint, typically...
century by several prominent glass factories. It contrasts with enamelledglass, where the enamel is fired, making the paint far more durable. Because it was...
to say, melted coloured glass used on a metal backing. Enamelledglass, the decoration of glass vessels with coloured glass paints, has existed since...
in use during the Roman period, including enamelledglass and engraved glass. Shards of broken glass or glass rods were being used in mosaics from the...
porcelain enamel (also known as glass lining, glass-lined steel, or glass fused to steel) is the use of porcelain enamel (also known as vitreous enamel) for...
in enamelledglass or glass engraving. Outside Venice and Spain, lighting fittings had not previously made much use of glass in Europe; the enamelled mosque...
The "Luck of Edenhall" is an enamelledglass beaker that was made in Syria or Egypt in the middle of the 14th century, elegantly decorated with arabesques...
great interest in complex colour effects and painted enamelledglass. For art historians the "art glass" phase replaced the "Brilliant Period" of High-Victorian...
older enamelledglass there are often two pontil marks, indicating that the piece has been in the furnace twice, before and after the enamels were added...
representing two distinct production centres or glass-working traditions. Due to its high demand, enamelledglass was exported throughout the Islamic world...
Anna (1998). Poetry on EnamelledGlass: The Palmer Cup in the British Museum.' In: Ward, R, (ed.), Gilded and EnamelledGlass from the Middle East. British...
Lead glass, commonly called crystal, is a variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content of a typical potash glass. Lead glass contains typically...
Anna (1998). Poetry on EnamelledGlass: The Palmer Cup in the British Museum.' In: Ward, R, (ed.), Gilded and EnamelledGlass from the Middle East. British...
as crystalline glass, enamelledglass (smalto), glass with threads of gold (aventurine), multicolored glass (millefiori), milk glass (lattimo) and imitation...
and the production ceramics, glass and metalwork of a high quality were produced without interruption, and enamelledglass became another important craft...
Anna (1998). Poetry on EnamelledGlass: The Palmer Cup in the British Museum.' In: Ward, R, (ed.), Gilded and EnamelledGlass from the Middle East. British...
particular, a high percentage of the few survivals of Greco-Roman enamelledglass come from this discovery. The Begram ivories are a sub-group of over...
Reichsadlerhumpen), or eagle glass, was a popular drinking vessel from the 16th until the late 18th century in the Holy Roman Empire. The enamelledglass was decorated...
typically elaborately decorated, with various "hot" glass-forming techniques, as well as gilding, enamel, or engraving. Production has been concentrated on...
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