En plein air (pronounced[ɑ̃plɛ.n‿ɛʁ]; French for 'outdoors'), or plein-air[1] painting, is the act of painting outdoors.
This method contrasts with studio painting or academic rules that might create a predetermined look. The theory of 'En plein air' painting is credited to Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (1750–1819), first expounded in a treatise entitled Reflections and Advice to a Student on Painting, Particularly on Landscape (1800),[2] where he developed the concept of landscape portraiture by which the artist paints directly onto canvas in situ within the landscape.
It enabled the artist to better capture the changing details of weather and light. The invention of portable canvases and easels allowed the practice to develop, particularly in France, and in the early 1830s the Barbizon school of painting in natural light was highly influential.[3]
Amongst the most prominent features of this school were its tonal qualities, colour, loose brushwork, and softness of form. These were variants that were particularly relevant to the mid 19th-century Hudson River School and to Impressionism.[4]
^Collins Australian Dictionary - the Foremost Authority on the language of today Harper Coliins. Pymble 2073, p 1246
^Joshua Taylor (1989), Nineteenth Century Theories of Art, pages 246–7, University of California Press, USA. ISBN 0520048881
^Stephen Adams (1997), The Barbizon School and the Origins of Impressionism, Phaidon Press, ISBN 978-0714836232
^Bernard Denvir, (1990). The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0500202397
Enpleinair (pronounced [ɑ̃ plɛ.n‿ɛʁ]; French for 'outdoors'), or plein-air painting, is the act of painting outdoors. This method contrasts with studio...
Impressionism and California Plein-Air Painting describe the large movement of 20th century artists who worked out of doors (enpleinair), directly from nature...
on varying measures of abstraction. The paintings are often painted enpleinair, an artistic style involving painting outside with the landscape directly...
his works emulates with the tendency idealization imagery. Similarly, enpleinair was another major practice instituted in EBAI's curriculum. Students...
portrait work and devoted much of his energy to mural painting and working enpleinair. Art historians generally ignored society artists such as Sargent until...
by Arthur Streeton and Walter Withers, two local artists who painted enpleinair in Heidelberg on the city's rural outskirts. The term has since evolved...
Tarja Turunen released her first classical studio album, Ave Maria – EnPleinAir. In August 2016 she released The Shadow Self with a prequel EP The Brightest...
Sport et de la Vie enPleinAir". Its equivalent in the Flemish Community is Bloso (Bestuur voor de Lichamelijke Opvoeding, de Sport en het Openluchtleven)...
1897. The Impressionists often, though by no means always, painted enpleinair. Ivan Shishkin, Rain in an Oak Forest, 1891, Tretyakov Gallery. Peredvizhniki...
French artist Claude Monet when he was 26. It is a large work painted enpleinair; the size of the canvas necessitated Monet painting its upper half with...
where Lake Attersee is located and it was here that he was able to paint enpleinair for the first time. This painting is one of two that Klimt did of the...
"artists' camps" on the outskirts of Melbourne for the purpose of capturing enpleinair the rural life and native bushland of Australia, as well as its light...
gouache lends itself to more direct painting techniques than watercolor. "Enpleinair" paintings take advantage of this, as do the works of J. M. W. Turner...
consistent of the Impressionists in his dedication to painting landscape enpleinair (i.e., outdoors). He deviated into figure painting only rarely and, unlike...
for increasingly longer stays and by 2003 was painting the countryside enpleinair in both oils and watercolour. He set up residence and studio in a converted...
Cypress, now in Prague, and the first painting at the asylum he painted enpleinair. F1548 Wheatfield, Saint-Rémy de Provence, now in New York, is a study...
portrait work, and devoted much of his energy to mural painting and working enpleinair. Ormond, p. 34, 1998 ("While his art matched to the spirit of the age...