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Elongation factor information


Ternary complex of EF-Tu (blue), tRNA (red) and GTP (yellow). Taken from PDB Molecule of the Month Elongation factors, September 2006.

Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first to the last peptide bond of a growing polypeptide. Most common elongation factors in prokaryotes are EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G.[1] Bacteria and eukaryotes use elongation factors that are largely homologous to each other, but with distinct structures and different research nomenclatures.[2]

Elongation is the most rapid step in translation.[3] In bacteria, it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second).[citation needed] In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second).[citation needed] Elongation factors play a role in orchestrating the events of this process, and in ensuring the high accuracy translation at these speeds.[citation needed]

  1. ^ Parker, J. (2001). "Elongation Factors; Translation". Encyclopedia of Genetics. pp. 610–611. doi:10.1006/rwgn.2001.0402. ISBN 9780122270802.
  2. ^ Sasikumar, Arjun N.; Perez, Winder B.; Kinzy, Terri Goss (July 2012). "The Many Roles of the Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1 Complex". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA. 3 (4): 543–555. doi:10.1002/wrna.1118. ISSN 1757-7004. PMC 3374885. PMID 22555874.
  3. ^ Prabhakar, Arjun; Choi, Junhong; Wang, Jinfan; Petrov, Alexey; Puglisi, Joseph D. (July 2017). "Dynamic basis of fidelity and speed in translation: Coordinated multistep mechanisms of elongation and termination". Protein Science. 26 (7): 1352–1362. doi:10.1002/pro.3190. ISSN 0961-8368. PMC 5477533. PMID 28480640.

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Elongation factor

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Negative elongation factor

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In molecular biology, the NELF (negative elongation factor) is a four-subunit protein complex (NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/NELF-D, and NELF-E) that negatively...

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Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1

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Elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (eEF1a1) is a translation elongation protein, expressed across eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the EEF1A1 gene. This...

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Eukaryotic transcription

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are elongation factors, thus called because they stimulate transcription elongation. There are different classes of elongation factors. Some factors can...

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Elongation factor P

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EF-P (elongation factor P) is an essential protein that in bacteria stimulates the formation of the first peptide bonds in protein synthesis. Studies...

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EEF2

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Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF2 gene. It is the archaeal and eukaryotic counterpart of bacterial EF-G...

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Elongation factor 2 kinase

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enzymology, an elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] ⇌ {\displaystyle...

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Fusidic acid

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bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor by preventing the turnover of elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. Fusidic acid is effective primarily on...

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EIF2

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knuckle motif is able to bind one Zn2+ cation. It is related to some elongation factors like EF-Tu. eIF2 activity is regulated by a mechanism involving both...

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Sigma factor

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accepted view was that sigma factor must dissociate upon transition from transcription initiation to transcription elongation (this transition is called...

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Translational regulation

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nuclear membrane prevents this coupling in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is a regulateable GTP-dependent translocase that moves nascent...

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Initiation factor

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joining of the small and large ribosomal subunits. The eIF5B factor also contains elongation factors. Domain IV of eIF5B is closely related to the C-terminal...

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DSIF

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by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). It can interact with the negative elongation factor (NELF) to promote the stalling of Pol II at some genes, which is called...

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Ribosome recycling factor

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protein factors to release ribosomes from mRNA. These two factors were identified as RRF, an unknown protein until then, and Elongation Factor G (EF-G)...

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CCR5

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(March 1990). "Retropseudogenes constitute the major part of the human elongation factor 1 alpha gene family". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (6): 1513–1516. doi:10...

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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pathogenicity. P. aeruginosa uses the virulence factor exotoxin A to inactivate eukaryotic elongation factor 2 via ADP-ribosylation in the host cell, much...

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EEF2K

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Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2 kinase or eEF-2K), also known as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III (CAMKIII) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent...

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SUPT5H

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Transcription elongation factor SPT5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUPT5H gene. SUPT5H has been shown to interact with: CDK9, Cyclin-dependent...

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Transfer RNA

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attached amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by proteins called elongation factors, which aid in association of the tRNA with the ribosome, synthesis...

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