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Proteins functioning in translation
Ternary complex of EF-Tu (blue), tRNA (red) and GTP (yellow). Taken from PDB Molecule of the Month Elongation factors, September 2006.
Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first to the last peptide bond of a growing polypeptide. Most common elongation factors in prokaryotes are EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G.[1] Bacteria and eukaryotes use elongation factors that are largely homologous to each other, but with distinct structures and different research nomenclatures.[2]
Elongation is the most rapid step in translation.[3] In bacteria, it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second).[citation needed] In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second).[citation needed] Elongation factors play a role in orchestrating the events of this process, and in ensuring the high accuracy translation at these speeds.[citation needed]
^Parker, J. (2001). "Elongation Factors; Translation". Encyclopedia of Genetics. pp. 610–611. doi:10.1006/rwgn.2001.0402. ISBN 9780122270802.
^Sasikumar, Arjun N.; Perez, Winder B.; Kinzy, Terri Goss (July 2012). "The Many Roles of the Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1 Complex". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA. 3 (4): 543–555. doi:10.1002/wrna.1118. ISSN 1757-7004. PMC 3374885. PMID 22555874.
^Prabhakar, Arjun; Choi, Junhong; Wang, Jinfan; Petrov, Alexey; Puglisi, Joseph D. (July 2017). "Dynamic basis of fidelity and speed in translation: Coordinated multistep mechanisms of elongation and termination". Protein Science. 26 (7): 1352–1362. doi:10.1002/pro.3190. ISSN 0961-8368. PMC 5477533. PMID 28480640.
Elongationfactors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation...
EF-P (elongationfactor P) is an essential protein that in bacteria stimulates the formation of the first peptide bonds in protein synthesis. Studies...
In molecular biology, the NELF (negative elongationfactor) is a four-subunit protein complex (NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/NELF-D, and NELF-E) that negatively...
are elongationfactors, thus called because they stimulate transcription elongation. There are different classes of elongationfactors. Some factors can...
Eukaryotic elongationfactor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF2 gene. It is the archaeal and eukaryotic counterpart of bacterial EF-G...
Elongationfactor 1-alpha 1 (eEF1a1) is a translation elongation protein, expressed across eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the EEF1A1 gene. This...
bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor by preventing the turnover of elongationfactor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. Fusidic acid is effective primarily on...
enzymology, an elongationfactor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: ATP + [elongationfactor 2] ⇌ {\displaystyle...
knuckle motif is able to bind one Zn2+ cation. It is related to some elongationfactors like EF-Tu. eIF2 activity is regulated by a mechanism involving both...
accepted view was that sigma factor must dissociate upon transition from transcription initiation to transcription elongation (this transition is called...
Eukaryotic elongationfactor-2 kinase (eEF-2 kinase or eEF-2K), also known as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III (CAMKIII) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent...
nuclear membrane prevents this coupling in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic elongationfactor 2 (eEF2) is a regulateable GTP-dependent translocase that moves nascent...
by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). It can interact with the negative elongationfactor (NELF) to promote the stalling of Pol II at some genes, which is called...
joining of the small and large ribosomal subunits. The eIF5B factor also contains elongationfactors. Domain IV of eIF5B is closely related to the C-terminal...
protein factors to release ribosomes from mRNA. These two factors were identified as RRF, an unknown protein until then, and ElongationFactor G (EF-G)...
Elongationfactor 1-alpha 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF1A2 gene. This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation...
(March 1990). "Retropseudogenes constitute the major part of the human elongationfactor 1 alpha gene family". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (6): 1513–1516. doi:10...
pathogenicity. P. aeruginosa uses the virulence factor exotoxin A to inactivate eukaryotic elongationfactor 2 via ADP-ribosylation in the host cell, much...
translational elongationfactor 1α is part of the eucaryotic elongationfactor 1 complex, whose main function is to facilitate the elongation of the amino...
for the new aminoacyl-tRNA to bind. This binding is facilitated by elongationfactor-Tu (EF-Tu), a small GTPase. For fast and accurate recognition of the...
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