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Elm yellows information


Elm yellows
Symptoms of elm phloem necrosis
Causal agentsPhytoplasmas
HostsElms
VectorsLeafhoppers (Scaphoideus luteolus, Philaenus spurarius, Allygus atomarius)
DistributionEastern United States and southern Ontario, Canada
TreatmentTetracycline has been shown to slow down the disease

Elm yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts.[1] Elm yellows, also known as elm phloem necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm yellows occurs in the eastern United States, and southern Ontario in Canada. It is caused by phytoplasmas which infect the phloem (inner bark) of the tree.[2] Similar phytoplasmas, also known confusingly as 'Elm yellows', also occur in Europe.[3] Infection and death of the phloem effectively girdles the tree and stops the flow of water and nutrients. The disease affects both wild-growing and cultivated trees.

  1. ^ "Elm Yellows." Elmcare.Com. 19 Mar. 2008 <http://www.elmcare.com/disease/elm_yellows.htm Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine>.
  2. ^ Price, Terry. "Wilt Diseases." Forestpests.Org. 23 Mar. 2005. 19 Mar. 2008 <http://www.forestpests.org/gfcbook/wiltdiseases.html>.
  3. ^ Conti, M., D'Agostino, G., Mittembergher, L. (1987) A recent epiphytotic of elm yellows in Italy. Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, 208–209. Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca de la Junta de Andalucia, Granada, Spain

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