Redox couple for a viologen. The 2+ species on the left is colorless, and the 1+ species on the right is deep blue or red, depending on the identity of R.[1]
Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which a material displays changes in color or opacity in response to an electrical stimulus.[2]
In this way, a smart window made of an electrochromic material can block specific wavelengths of ultraviolet, visible or (near) infrared light. The ability to control the transmittance of near-infrared light can increase the energy efficiency of a building, reducing the amount of energy needed to cool during summer and heat during winter.[1][3]
As the color change is persistent and energy needs only to be applied to effect a change, electrochromic materials are used to control the amount of light and heat allowed to pass through a surface, most commonly "smart windows". One popular application is in the automobile industry where it is used to automatically tint rear-view mirrors in various lighting conditions.
^Chua, Ming Hui; Tang, Tao; Ong, Kok Haw; Neo, Wei Teng; Xu, Jian Wei (2019). "Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrochromism". Electrochromic Smart Materials: Fabrication and Applications. Smart Materials Series. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 1–21. doi:10.1039/9781788016667-00001. ISBN 978-1-78801-143-3. S2CID 139718051. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
^Miller, Brittney J. (8 June 2022). "How smart windows save energy". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-060822-3. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which a material displays changes in color or opacity in response to an electrical stimulus. In this way, a smart window...
effect. In brief, this technique makes use of the Stark effect (or electrochromism) either to reveal information about the physiochemical or physical...
precipitation of metal particles in a glass, or other mechanisms. electrochromism is induced by the gain and loss of electrons. This phenomenon occurs...
emittance in a continual but reversible manner on application of voltage (electrochromism). This property enables an ECD to be used for applications like smart...
structural reinforcement. Instead of plastic window shades, the windows use electrochromism-based smart glass (supplied by PPG Industries) allowing flight attendants...
Gasochromism is closely related to electrochromism. The process involves the interaction of an electrochrome, usually a metal oxide, such as tungsten...
example of a molecule that is an intrinsic semiconductor. It exhibits electrochromism, changing color when subject to a voltage. LuPc2 is a double-decker...
displays (LCD), plasma displays, and auto-dimming car mirrors utilizing electrochromism. Major early customers were Burroughs (now Unisys) in New Jersey, IBM...
as light (photochromism), temperature (thermochromism), or voltage (electrochromism). Liquid crystals, when they are in a thermotropic state, can change...
material by absorption or emission spectra of molecules using ions. Electrochromism is similar to ionochromism as it involves the use of electrons in order...
building occupants to maintain a view of the outdoors. Smart glass Electrochromism "DOE Offers $72 Million Conditional Loan Guarantee to SAGE Electrochromics"...
exhibit absorption shifts due to application of electric potentials (electrochromism), or to introduction of alkali ions (ionochromism). Soluble PATs exhibit...
optoelectronic applications such as temperature-dependent luminescence and electrochromism (reversibly changes colour when electricity is applied). Trujillo,...
example of a molecule that is an intrinsic semiconductor. It exhibits electrochromism, changing color when subject to a voltage. It is a double-decker sandwich...
lack of all-encompassing theory on vibrational solvatochromism and electrochromism has restricted experimentalists from quantitatively and accurately...
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