Electricity generation, transmission and consumption in Turkey
Electricity sector of Turkey
One of the Bosphoros crossings at Istanbul: 154 kV
Data
Installed capacity (2022)
100 GW[1]
Production (2021)
329 TWh[1]
Share of fossil energy
65% generation,[2] 47% capacity[1]
Share of renewable energy
35% generation, 53% capacity[1]
GHG emissions from electricity generation (2020)
131 Mt CO2e (power stations including heat sold by power stations)[3]: table 1s1 cell B10
Average electricity use (2021)
327 TWh[1]
Distribution losses (2020)
9.5%[4]: 42
Consumption by sector (% of total)
Residential
21% (2018)
Industrial
117 TWh [5] (2019)
Agriculture
7 TWh [5] (2019)
Commercial and public sector
28% (2018)
Traction
1 TWh [5] (2019)
Services
Sector unbundling
Partial
Share of private sector in transmission
0
Share of private sector in distribution
See text
Competitive supply to large users
Yes
Competitive supply to residential users
Only to those consuming over 1400 kWh per year
Institutions
No. of service providers
EÜAŞ, private companies
Responsibility for transmission
Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation
Responsibility for regulation
Energy Market Regulatory Authority
Responsibility for policy-setting
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
Turkey uses more electricity per person than the global average, but less than the European average, with demand peaking in summer due to air conditioning. Most electricity is generated from coal, gas and hydropower, with hydroelectricity from the east transmitted to big cities in the west. Electricity prices are state-controlled, but wholesale prices are heavily influenced by the cost of imported gas.
Each year, about 300 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity is used, which is almost a quarter of the total energy used in Turkey. On average, about four hundred grams of carbon dioxide is emitted per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated (400 gCO2/kWh); this carbon intensity is slightly less than the global average. As there is 100 GW of generating capacity, far more electricity could be produced. Although only a tiny proportion is exported; consumption is forecast to increase, and there are plans for more exports during the 2020s.
Turkey's coal-fired power stations are the largest source of the country's greenhouse-gas emissions. Many brown coal power stations are subsidized, which increases air pollution. Imports of gas, mostly for Turkey's power stations, are one of the main expenses for the country. In winter, electricity generation is vulnerable to reductions in the gas supply from other countries.[6][7] Solar and wind power are now the cheapest generators of electricity,[8] and more of both are being built. If enough solar and wind power is built, the country's hydroelectric plants should be enough to cover windless cloudy weeks. Renewables generate a third of the country's electricity, and academics have suggested that the target of 32% renewable energy by 2030 be increased to 50%, and that coal power should be phased out by the mid-2030s. Increased use of electric vehicles is expected to increase electricity demand.
^ abcdeCite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Turkey Electricity Review 2022". Ember. 20 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
^Cite error: The named reference 2020tables was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference PWC2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcDifiglio, Güray & Merdan (2020), p. 41.
^Pitel, Laura; Bozorgmehr, Najmeh (2022-01-24). "Turkish industry hit by power cuts amid gas supply troubles". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-01-28.
^Direskeneli, Haluk (29 November 2021). "Turkey: Energy And Infrastructure Forecasts For 2022 – OpEd". Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
^"Optimum electricity generation capacity mix for Turkey towards 2030" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-17.
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