International Telecommunication Union (Radio Regulations)
World Radiocommunication Conference
Radiation sources / regions
Boresight
Focal cloud
Ground plane
Main lobe
Near and far field
Side lobe
Vertical plane
Characteristics
Array gain
Directivity
Efficiency
Electrical length
Equivalent radius
Factor
Friis transmission equation
Gain
Height
Radiation pattern
Radiation resistance
Radio propagation
Radio spectrum
Signal-to-noise ratio
Spurious emission
Techniques
Beam steering
Beam tilt
Beamforming
Small cell
Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (BLAST)
Massive Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
Reconfiguration
Spread spectrum
Wideband Space Division Multiple Access (WSDMA)
v
t
e
In electrical engineering, electrical length is a dimensionless parameter equal to the physical length of an electrical conductor such as a cable or wire, divided by the wavelength of alternating current at a given frequency traveling through the conductor.[1][2][3] In other words, it is the length of the conductor measured in wavelengths. It can alternately be expressed as an angle, in radians or degrees, equal to the phase shift the alternating current experiences traveling through the conductor.[1][3]
Electrical length is defined for a conductor operating at a specific frequency or narrow band of frequencies. It is determined by the construction of the cable, so different cables of the same length operating at the same frequency can have different electrical lengths. A conductor is called electrically long if it has an electrical length much greater than one; that is it is much longer than the wavelength of the alternating current passing through it, and electrically short if it is much shorter than a wavelength. Electrical lengthening and electrical shortening means adding reactance (capacitance or inductance) to an antenna or conductor to increase or decrease the electrical length,[1] usually for the purpose of making it resonant at a different resonant frequency.
This concept is used throughout electronics, and particularly in radio frequency circuit design, transmission line and antenna theory and design. Electrical length determines when wave effects (phase shift along conductors) become important in a circuit. Ordinary lumped element electric circuits only work well for alternating currents at frequencies for which the circuit is electrically small (electrical length much less than one). For frequencies high enough that the wavelength approaches the size of the circuit (the electrical length approaches one) the lumped element model on which circuit theory is based becomes inaccurate, and transmission line techniques must be used.[4]: p.12–14
^ abc
"Electrical length". ATIS Telecom Glossary. Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions website. 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2022. ANSI (American National Standards Institute) accredited definition
^Kaiser, Kenneth L. (2004). Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 3.1–3.2. ISBN 9780849320873.
^ abWeik, Martin (2012). Communications Standard Dictionary. Springer. p. 283. ISBN 9781461304296.
^Schmitt, Ron (2002). Electromagnetics Explained: A Handbook for Wireless RF, EMC, and High-Speed Electronics. Newnes. ISBN 9780750674034.
In electrical engineering, electricallength is a dimensionless parameter equal to the physical length of an electrical conductor such as a cable or wire...
Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity...
In physics and electrical engineering, a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of charge (electric current) in one or more directions...
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current. Its reciprocal quantity is electrical conductance...
Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures...
In electronics, electrical breakdown or dielectric breakdown is a process that occurs when an electrically insulating material (a dielectric), subjected...
the source is independent of the transmission line's electricallength. Since the electricallength of a physical segment of transmission line depends on...
An electrical grid (or electricity network) is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids consist...
geometry. Shielding makes use of the electrical principle of the Faraday cage. The cable is encased for its entire length in foil or wire mesh. All wires running...
An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a building or structure. Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic...
of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric current can run between them through an electrical conductor. An electrical connector...
Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in...
flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate of flow of electric...
The feedpoint impedance of a dipole antenna is sensitive to its electricallength and feedpoint position. Therefore, a dipole will generally only perform...
its electrostatic effect persists. With each Debye length the charges are increasingly electrically screened and the electric potential decreases in magnitude...
with radiation maxima at several elevation angles; the longer the electricallength of the antenna, the more lobes the pattern has. A vertical whip radiates...
In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit...
standard length of telegraph wires; different agencies used different bases for a standard, so units were not readily interchangeable. Electrical units so...
neurite via passive electrical conduction. The greater the value of the length constant, the farther the potential will travel. A large length constant can contribute...
inductance and self capacitance. In general, although their effective electricallength is longer, the fractal element antennas are themselves physically...
Radiation resistance is that part of an antenna's feedpoint electrical resistance caused by the emission of radio waves from the antenna. A radio transmitter...
entire coil. Electrical connections to parts of the coil different from the input connections have higher or lower voltages depending on the length of the coil...
The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the...
Electrical contact resistance (ECR, or simply contact resistance) is resistance to the flow of electric current caused by incomplete contact of the surfaces...