Hypothesis of quantum systems and when equilibrium statistical mechanics describes them accurately
The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (or ETH) is a set of ideas which purports to explain when and why an isolated quantum mechanical system can be accurately described using equilibrium statistical mechanics. In particular, it is devoted to understanding how systems which are initially prepared in far-from-equilibrium states can evolve in time to a state which appears to be in thermal equilibrium. The phrase "eigenstate thermalization" was first coined by Mark Srednicki in 1994,[1] after similar ideas had been introduced by Josh Deutsch in 1991.[2] The principal philosophy underlying the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is that instead of explaining the ergodicity of a thermodynamic system through the mechanism of dynamical chaos, as is done in classical mechanics, one should instead examine the properties of matrix elements of observable quantities in individual energy eigenstates of the system.
^Mark Srednicki (1994). "Chaos and Quantum Thermalization". Physical Review E. 50 (2): 888–901. arXiv:cond-mat/9403051v2. Bibcode:1994PhRvE..50..888S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.50.888. PMID 9962049. S2CID 16065583.
^Deutsch, J.M. (February 1991). "Quantum statistical mechanics in a closed system". Physical Review A. 43 (4): 2046–2049. Bibcode:1991PhRvA..43.2046D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.43.2046. PMID 9905246.
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