Section through embryonic disk of Vespertilio murinus.
Details
Days
16
Identifiers
MeSH
D004475
FMA
69070
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers formed in early embryonic development. It is the outermost layer, and is superficial to the mesoderm (the middle layer) and endoderm (the innermost layer).[1] It emerges and originates from the outer layer of germ cells. The word ectoderm comes from the Greek ektos meaning "outside", and derma meaning "skin".[2]
Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form epithelial and neural tissues (spinal cord, nerves and brain). This includes the skin, linings of the mouth, anus, nostrils, sweat glands, hair and nails,[3] and tooth enamel. Other types of epithelium are derived from the endoderm.[3]
In vertebrate embryos, the ectoderm can be divided into two parts: the dorsal surface ectoderm also known as the external ectoderm, and the neural plate, which invaginates to form the neural tube and neural crest.[4] The surface ectoderm gives rise to most epithelial tissues, and the neural plate gives rise to most neural tissues. For this reason, the neural plate and neural crest are also referred to as the neuroectoderm.
^Langman's Medical Embryology, 11th edition. 2010.
^Gilbert, Scott F. Developmental Biology. 9th ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2010: 333-370. Print.
^ ab"Derivation of Tissues | SEER Training". training.seer.cancer.gov.
^Marieb, Elaine N.; Hoehn, Katja (2019). Human Anatomy & Physiology. United States of America: Pearson. pp. 146, 482–483, 1102–1106. ISBN 978-0-13-458099-9.
The ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers formed in early embryonic development. It is the outermost layer, and is superficial to the mesoderm...
germ layers. Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. Other animals such as bilaterians...
extra-embryonic somatic mesoderm on the outer side and the extra-embryonic ectoderm or trophoblast on the inner side. Traditionally, the term amnion has been...
eye. Specifically, the eye is derived from the neuroepithelium, surface ectoderm, and the extracellular mesenchyme which consists of both the neural crest...
surface ectoderm, AKA external ectoderm, is one of the two early embryonic divisions of the ectoderm. The other early division of the ectoderm is the neuroectoderm...
amniote embryonic development, the epiblast (also known as the primitive ectoderm) is one of two distinct cell layers arising from the inner cell mass in...
During organogenesis, the three germ layers formed from gastrulation (the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) form the internal organs of the organism. The...
bilaminar disc of two layers, an upper layer called the epiblast (primitive ectoderm) and a lower layer called the hypoblast (primitive endoderm), which will...
list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Trichocyte Keratinocyte Gonadotrope Corticotrope...
constituents of three primary germ layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The science of the microscopic structures of the tissues formed within...
anterior/posterior axis. Limb bud is undifferentiated mesenchyme enclosed by an ectoderm covering. Eventually, the limb bud develops into bones, tendons, muscles...
larva). The egg cell is generally asymmetric, having an animal pole (future ectoderm). It is covered with protective envelopes, with different layers. The first...
primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along...
condition of the blastula in which there are two primary germ layers: the ectoderm and endoderm. Diploblastic organisms are organisms which develop from such...
derived from the ectoderm—the outermost germ layer of the embryo. A part of the dorsal ectoderm becomes specified to neural ectoderm – neuroectoderm that...
gastrula is trilaminar (three-layered). These three germ layers are the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer), and endoderm (inner layer). In...
early development of the embryo of most animals. The outer layer is the ectoderm, and the inner layer is the endoderm. The mesoderm forms mesenchyme, mesothelium...
In embryology, the otic placode is a thickening of the ectoderm on the outer surface of a developing embryo from which the ear develops. The ear, including...
mesoderm is the middle layer of the three germ layers, between the outer ectoderm and inner endoderm. During the third week of embryonic development the...
induces the formation of the central nervous system (CNS) by signaling the ectoderm germ layer above it to form the thick and flat neural plate. The neural...
is now a trilaminar disc, the gastrula. The three germ layers are the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, and are formed as three overlapping flat discs...
ectoderm to differentiate into skin cells. Without BMP4 the ectoderm cells would develop into neural cells. Axial mesoderm cells under the ectoderm secrete...
multi-layered organism, with differentiated germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. More localized invaginations also occur later in embryonic development...
the intermediate mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm and the surface ectoderm. FGF8 in the intermediate mesoderm signals to the lateral mesoderm, restricting...
pituitary lobe (or adenohypophysis) arises from an invagination of the oral ectoderm (Rathke's pouch). This contrasts with the posterior pituitary, which originates...
develop in the early embryo called otic placodes, which are derived from ectoderm. The ear may be affected by disease, including infection and traumatic...
During the third week of development a neural tube is created from the ectoderm, one of the three primary germ layers. The tube forms three main vesicles...
crest cells are a temporary group of cells that arise from the embryonic ectoderm germ layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes...
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