The economic history of Latin America covers the development of the Latin American economy from 2500 BCE to the start of the 21st century.
In the pre-contact era, Latin America did not have an integrated economy. The indigenous peoples, particularly the Aztec Empire in central Mexico and the Inca Empire in the Andean region, had complex socioeconomic structures. However, their economic and political systems were more isolated due to the difficulty of north-south movement. From the beginning of the 16th century until the early 19th century, the New World was largely under the dominion of the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire. The prosperity rested on the production and exportation of two primary commodities: silver and sugar. After independence, Britain exerted influence through economic neo-colonialism and private investment.
World War I (1914–1918) had a disruptive effect on British and European investments. Germany lost its trade connections and Britain suffered significant losses as the United States emerged as the dominant economic power in the region. The negative impact of the Great Depression of the 1930s was reversed by Allied purchases in World War II. Latin America countries accumulated financial reserves that were used to foster industrial expansion through import substitution industrialization. In the 1970s the region took on debt to fuel economic growth and integrate into the global market. The prospect of export earnings led to large loans denominated in U.S. dollars to expand economic capacity. Foreign capital flowed into the region, creating financial links between developed and developing nations, while the dangers of this arrangement were overlooked. In the 1980s and 1990s, most governments implemented structural reforms. These reforms included trade liberalization and privatization, often imposed as conditions for loans by the IMF and the World Bank. The worst hit countries sent migrants to the U.S., and their remittances home became increasingly important.
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The economichistoryofLatinAmerica covers the development of the LatinAmerican economy from 2500 BCE to the start of the 21st century. In the pre-contact...
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new economichistoryof Argentina, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521822473 Bethell, Leslie (1991), The Cambridge HistoryofLatinAmerica, Cambridge...
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LatinAmericaneconomic crises: LatinAmerican debt crisis of the 1970s and 1980s La Década Perdida - the Lost Decade for Mexico Economichistoryof Mexico...
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Historiography of Latin American Families,” Nara Milanich; “The New EconomicHistoryofLatinAmerica: Evolution and Recent Contributions,” John H. Coatsworth and...
The economichistoryof the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the economy of the U.S., from the colonial era to the...
the economichistoryof Mexico has been characterized by resource extraction, agriculture, and a relatively underdeveloped industrial sector. Economic elites...
The environmental historyofLatinAmerica has become the focus of a number of scholars, starting in the later years of the twentieth century. But historians...
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The Cambridge HistoryofLatinAmerica is a historyofLatinAmerica, edited by Leslie Bethell and published in 12 volumes between 1985–2008. Contributors...
of the New World to contemporary LatinAmerica, describing the effects of European and later United States economic exploitation and political dominance...
LatinAmerica's governments, their economic policies and the nations' economic performance. It is initiated by the economic decline of the American and...
AmericaLatinAmerican and Caribbean Group LatinAmericans Lucayan Archipelago North America Northern America South America United Nations Economic Commission...
international savings. The debt crisis of 1982 was the most serious ofLatinAmerica'shistory. Incomes and imports dropped; economic growth stagnated; unemployment...
shortages of food and medicine and political violence. EconomichistoryofLatinAmerica Haggerty, Richard (1990). "Growth and Structure of the Economy"...
William R. Summerhill, "The Development of Infrastructure" in The Cambridge EconomicHistoryofLatinAmerica, vol. 2: The Long Twentieth Century, Victor...
in LatinAmerica). LatinAmerican countries and their diasporas are multi-ethnic and multi-racial. LatinAmericans are a pan-ethnicity consisting of people...
Economichistory is the study ofhistory using methodological tools from economics or with a special attention to economic phenomena. Research is conducted...
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