The eclectic paradigm, also known as the OLI Model or OLI Framework (OLI stands for Ownership, Location, and Internalization), is a theory in economics.[1][2] It is a further development of the internalization theory and published by John H. Dunning in 1979.[3] Modern Trade Theory incorporates this paradigm using the Grossman-Hart-Moore Theory of the firm[4]
Ownership advantages[1][2] specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production.[5]
Location advantages[6][2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their specific advantages by engaging in FDI.[5]
Internalization advantages[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies. The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so.[5]
^ abHagen, Antje (1997). Deutsche Direktinvestitionen in Grossbritannien, 1871-1918(Dissertation) (in German). Jena: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 32. ISBN 3-515-07152-0.
^ abcdTwomey, Michael J. (2000). A Century of Foreign Investment in the Third World(Book). Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 0-415-23360-7.
^Dunning, John (1979). "Toward an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests". Journal of International Business Studies. 11 (1): 9–31. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490593. JSTOR 154142.
^Antras, Pol; Yeaple, Stephen (2014). "Multinational Firms and the Structure of International Trade". Handbook of International Economics. 4: 56–57.
^ abcDunning, John H. (2000). "The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNEactivity". International Business Review. 9 (2): 163–190. doi:10.1016/S0969-5931(99)00035-9.
^Gray, H. Peter (2003). "Extending the Eclectic Paradigm in International Business: Essays in Honor of John Dunning"; Edward Elgar Publishing
The eclecticparadigm, also known as the OLI Model or OLI Framework (OLI stands for Ownership, Location, and Internalization), is a theory in economics...
twentieth-century architectural style Eclecticism in art, mixed styles Eclectic approach, an approach to education Eclecticparadigm, an economic theory, published...
certain channels over time among the members of a social system." The eclecticparadigm is a theory in economics and is also known as the OLI-Model. It is...
Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles...
multinational corporation include internalization theory and the eclecticparadigm. The latter is also known as the OLI framework. The other theoretical...
conceptual approach that does not merely include one paradigm or a set of assumptions. Instead, eclecticism adheres to or is constituted from several theories...
rather than to license, outsource, or sell it. In relation to the eclecticparadigm, companies with meager ownership advantages do not enter foreign markets...
theory was used by John Harry Dunning as one of the components of his eclecticparadigm or OLI model. Dunning referred to knowledge as an ‘ownership advantage’...
enterprise from the 1950s until his death. In the 1980s, he published the eclecticparadigm or OLI-Model/Framework as further development on Internalization theory...
occurrence causes the residents of Paradigm City to lose their memories. The series follows Roger Smith, Paradigm City's top Negotiator. He provides this...
internationalization in the eclecticparadigm". Journal of International Business Studies. 40 (1): 58–70. Dunning, J. H. (1988). "The eclecticparadigm of international...
(born 1952), former Prime Minister of Nepal Cyclone Oli OLI-model or EclecticParadigm, a theory in economics Operational Land Imager, instrument on Landsat...
complemented by simultaneous work by John Dunning as he developed the eclecticparadigm of international business as an envelope explanation containing three...
in Latin America is deemed perfect illustration of John Duning's "eclecticparadigm" theory, with ownership advantages, location advantages and internalization...
Phillip Roebuck – One-man band Senator – United Wire Father Divine – The Paradigm Shift The New Year - The End Is Near 2005 Living Things – Ahead of the...
Practical Extraction and Report Language and Wall's own Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister, which is in the manual page for perl. Programming Perl...
which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise definition difficult. Although...
(1999). Integrative and eclectic counselling and psychotherapy. London: Sage. Clarkson, P. (1996). The eclectic and integrative paradigm: Between the Scylla...
and touring and studio drummer Allen Casillas. They are known for their eclectic progressive rock and math rock style, along with traditional elements of...
project is built in a neo-classical Ottoman architecture style, and is an eclectic building inspired by the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, and the Sehzade and...
the All Saints (London), 1850–1859, by William Butterfield 19th century Eclectic Classicist architecture: The Museum of Ages on Victory Avenue (Bucharest...
ġazā, "holy war", or simply "raid") is a since discredited historical paradigm first formulated by Paul Wittek which has been used to interpret the nature...
Me Do". After signing with Republic Records in 2018, Swift released the eclectic pop album Lover (2019) and the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana...
In 1982, New Science Library published his anthology The Holographic Paradigm and Other Paradoxes, a collection of essays and interviews, including one...
contents of subconsciously held ideas. Eric Berne developed the concept and paradigm of transactional analysis in the late 1950s. Eric Berne presented Transactional...