Echopraxia (also known as echokinesis[1]) is the involuntary repetition or imitation of another person's actions.[1] Similar to echolalia, the involuntary repetition of sounds and language, it is one of the echophenomena ("automatic imitative actions without explicit awareness").[1] It has long been recognized as a core feature of Tourette syndrome,[1] and is considered a complex tic, but it also occurs in autism spectrum disorders,[1][2] schizophrenia and catatonia,[1][3] aphasia, and disorders involving the startle reflex such as latah.[1][4] Echopraxia has also been observed in individuals with epilepsy, dementia and autoimmune disorders;[1] the causes of and the link between echopraxia and these disorders is undetermined.[5]
The etymology of the term is from Ancient Greek: "ἠχώ (ēkhō) from ἠχή (ēkhē "sound") and "πρᾶξις (praksis, "action, activity, practice)".[6]
^ abcdefghCite error: The named reference Ganos was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Realmuto GM, August GJ (December 1991). "Catatonia in autistic disorder: a sign of comorbidity or variable expression?". J Autism Dev Disord. 21 (4): 517–28. doi:10.1007/BF02206874. PMID 1778964.
^Pridmore S, Brüne M, Ahmadi J, Dale J (July 2008). "Echopraxia in schizophrenia: possible mechanisms" (PDF). Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 42 (7): 565–71. doi:10.1080/00048670802119747. PMID 18612859.
^Tanner CM, Chamberland J (May 2001). "Latah in Jakarta, Indonesia". Mov. Disord. 16 (3): 526–9. doi:10.1002/mds.1088. PMID 11391750.
^Cho YJ, Han SD, Song SK, Lee BI, Heo K (June 2009). "Palilalia, echolalia, and echopraxia-palipraxia as ictal manifestations in a patient with left frontal lobe epilepsy". Epilepsia. 50 (6): 1616–9. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01980.x. PMID 19175395.
Echopraxia (also known as echokinesis) is the involuntary repetition or imitation of another person's actions. Similar to echolalia, the involuntary repetition...
automatic and effortless. It is one of the echophenomena, closely related to echopraxia, the automatic repetition of movements made by another person; both are...
described in a review of grief in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders echopraxia (syn. echokinesis, echomatism) – of actions, movements echothanatopraxia...
symptoms, confusion, stress, loss of personal identity, echolalia, and echopraxia. To date, no definitive cause or reason of the disorder has been established...
flexibility/catalepsy, stereotypy (purposeless, repetitive movements), echolalia or echopraxia, verbigeration (repeat meaningless phrases). It should not be assumed...
vampires in Peter Watts' science fiction novels Blindsight (2006) and Echopraxia (2014) have superior pattern recognition skills. One of the pieces of...
symptoms, confusion, stress, loss of personal identity, echolalia, and echopraxia. Individuals also give approximate answers to simple questions such as...
IV describes latah as a hypersensitivity to sudden fright, often with echopraxia, echolalia, command obedience, and dissociative or trancelike behavior...
of abnormalities of movement which are typical of catatonia, such as echopraxia, catalepsy, waxy flexibility and paratonia (or gegenhalten). Stereotypies...
motor tics are pulling at clothes, touching people, touching objects, echopraxia (repeating or imitating another person's actions) and copropraxia (involuntarily...
copropraxia (obscene or forbidden gestures, or inappropriate touching), echopraxia (repetition or imitation of another person's actions) and palipraxia (repeating...
central concept in Peter Watts's novels Blindsight and (to a lesser extent) Echopraxia. Greg Egan illustrates the concept succinctly (and somewhat horrifically)...
motiveless resistance to movement), mutism, echolalia (imitating speech), or echopraxia (imitating movements). There is a catatonic subtype of schizophrenia....
Alfons; Münchau, Alexander (1 September 2012). "The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: Relevance to Gilles De La Tourette syndrome". Movement Disorders...
involved echolalia (repeating vocalizations made by another person) and echopraxia (repeating movements made by another person). Beard noted that the men...
expression of pain), echolalia (mimicking another person's speech) and echopraxia (mimicking another person's movements or behaviors for no reason). Major...
remains forthcoming. The project was referenced in the Peter Watts novel Echopraxia, appearing towards the end of the novel. What is Xenotext? | Christian...
T, Schnitzler A, Münchau A (September 2012). "The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: relevance to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome". Mov. Disord....
Han SD, Song SK, Lee BI, Heo K (June 2009). "Palilalia, echolalia, and echopraxia-palipraxia as ictal manifestations in a patient with left frontal lobe...
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