Earl Van Dorn (September 17, 1820 – May 7, 1863) was an American major-general who started his military career as a United States Army officer and became famous for successfully leading a defense of a Native American settlement from the Comanche. He joined Confederate forces in 1861 after the Civil War broke out and was a major general when he was killed in a private conflict. He is considered one of the greatest cavalry commanders to have ever lived.[1]
A great-nephew of Andrew Jackson, he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy, graduating in 1842. Earl Van Dorn was known for fighting with distinction during the Mexican–American War and in defense of Native-American settlements against the attacking Comanche in the West in addition to his impressive victories as cavalry commander during the American Civil War.
In the American Civil War, he sided with the Confederacy, fighting in the Western Theater as a major general. He was appointed commander of the Trans-Mississippi District. At the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, in early March 1862, Van Dorn was commanding infantry rather than cavalry and though brilliantly battling early on, was defeated by a smaller U.S. force. He had abandoned his supply wagons for speed, leaving his men under-equipped in cold weather. At the Second Battle of Corinth in October 1862, he was again commanding infantry instead of his specialty, which was cavalry. Van Dorn was winning only to be defeated because of a failure of his reconnaissance team and was removed from infantry command. The battle was later described by Confederate President Jefferson Davis as an "impossibility" because many soldiers Van Dorn had inherited were starving and diseased. Davis said that Van Dorn handled the command "masterfully".[2]
Van Dorn scored two additional notable successes as a cavalry commander, in which role he never lost, capturing a large U.S. supply depot in the Holly Springs Raid, embarrassing U.S. General Ulysses S. Grant by saving Vicksburg and protecting the Confederacy's main port. Van Dorn's successful raid of Holly Springs also delayed the potential expulsion of Jewish people from Grant's military district.
His next acclaimed success that helped restore his reputation as a military genius was his overwhelming victory over an enemy brigade at the Battle of Thompson's Station, Tennessee.
Van Dorn's reputation was restored but short-lived.[3] In May 1863, he was shot dead at his headquarters at Spring Hill by a doctor who claimed that Van Dorn had carried on an affair with his wife. Van Dorn's career experienced ups and downs, but he was considered a brilliant cavalry commander.
^Beck, Brandon (2011). Holly Springs: Van Dorn, The CSS Arkansas And The Raid That Saved Vicksburg. Charleston, SC: History Press. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9781540224422.
^Miller, Emily (1902). A Soldier's Honor. New York City: The Abbey Press Publishers. p. 329.
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