Idealized EPDM polymer, red = ethylene-derived; blue = propylene-derived; black = ethylidene norbornene-derived
EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber)[1][2][3] is a type of synthetic rubber that is used in many applications.
EPDM is an M-Class rubber under ASTM standard D-1418; the M class comprises elastomers with a saturated polyethylene chain (the M deriving from the more correct term polymethylene). EPDM is made from ethylene, propylene, and a diene comonomer that enables crosslinking via sulfur vulcanization. Typically used dienes in the manufacture of EPDM rubbers are ethylidene norbornene (ENB), dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), and vinyl norbornene (VNB). Varying diene contents are reported in commercial products, which are generally in the range from 2-12%.[4][5]
The earlier relative of EPDM is EPR, ethylene propylene rubber (useful for high-voltage electrical cables), which is not derived from any diene precursors and can only be crosslinked using radical methods such as peroxides.[6]
As with most rubbers, EPDM is always used compounded with fillers such as carbon black and calcium carbonate, with plasticisers such as paraffinic oils, and has functional rubbery properties only when crosslinked. Crosslinking mainly occurs via vulcanisation with sulfur but is also accomplished with peroxides (for better heat resistance) or phenolic resins. High-energy radiation, such as from electron beams, is sometimes used to produce foams, wire, and cable.
^Ravishankar, P.S. (2012). "Treatise on EPDM". Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 85 (3): 327–349. doi:10.5254/rct.12.87993.
^Green, Mark M.; Wittcoff, Harold A. (July 2003). Organic Chemistry Principles and Industrial Practice. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-527-30289-5. In addition to natural rubber, many synthetic rubbers... such as... ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber...
^Louie, Douglas K. (2005). "Elastomers". Handbook of sulphuric acid manufacturing. Richmond Hill, Canada: DKL Engineering, Inc. pp. 16–116. ISBN 978-0-9738992-0-7. EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) is a M class Rubber containing a saturated chain of the polyethylene type.
^Winters, R.; Heinen, W.; Verbruggen, M. A. L.; Lugtenburg, J.; Van Duin, M.; De Groot, H. J. M. (2002). "Solid-State 13C NMR Study of Accelerated-Sulfur-Vulcanized 13C-Labeled ENB−EPDM". Macromolecules. 35 (5): 1958–1966. Bibcode:2002MaMol..35.1958W. doi:10.1021/ma001716h. hdl:1887/3239453.
^"ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE RUBBER". www.rado-rubber.com. Retrieved February 19, 2024.
^Traz Ouhadi; Sabet Abdou-Sabet; Hans-Georg Wussow; Larry M. Ryan; Lawrence Plummer; Franz Erich Baumann; Jörg Lohmar; Hans F. Vermeire; Frédéric L.G. Malet (2014). "Thermoplastic Elastomers". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–41. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_633.pub4. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
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