ENDOG information

ENDOG
Identifiers
Aliases	ENDOG, endonuclease G
External IDs	OMIM: 600440; MGI: 1261433; HomoloGene: 55823; GeneCards: ENDOG; OMA:ENDOG - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	128,822,676 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	30,064,081 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	muscle of thigh; ; apex of heart; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; body of tongue; ; vastus lateralis muscle; ; Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis; ; thoracic diaphragm; ; biceps brachii; ; Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii;
	Top expressed in
	right ventricle; ; digastric muscle; ; myocardium of ventricle; ; masseter muscle; ; sternocleidomastoid muscle; ; soleus muscle; ; extraocular muscle; ; temporal muscle; ; right kidney; ; tibialis anterior muscle;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	deoxyribonuclease activity; metal ion binding; protein binding; nucleic acid binding; nuclease activity; endonuclease activity; hydrolase activity; single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity; endoribonuclease activity; exodeoxyribonuclease activity;
Cellular component	cytosol; perikaryon; mitochondrion; nucleus; mitochondrial inner membrane;
Biological process	cellular response to calcium ion; positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation; DNA recombination; apoptotic DNA fragmentation; response to estradiol; response to antibiotic; response to mechanical stimulus; human ageing; in utero embryonic development; response to tumor necrosis factor; neuron death in response to oxidative stress; positive regulation of apoptotic process; cellular response to oxidative stress; cellular response to hypoxia; cellular response to glucose stimulus; positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death; DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic; RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2021
	13804
	ENSG00000167136
	ENSMUSG00000015337
	Q14249
	O08600
	NM_004435
	NM_007931
	NP_004426
	NP_031957
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Endonuclease G, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENDOG gene.^[5]^[6] This protein primarily participates in caspase-independent apoptosis via DNA degradation when translocating from the mitochondrion to nucleus under oxidative stress.^[7] As a result, EndoG has been implicated in cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Regulation of its expression levels thus holds potential to treat or ameliorate those conditions.^[7]^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167136 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000015337 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Tiranti V, Rossi E, Ruiz-Carrillo A, Rossi G, Rocchi M, DiDonato S, Zuffardi O, Zeviani M (Jan 1995). "Chromosomal localization of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TCF6), single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP), and endonuclease G (ENDOG), three human housekeeping genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis". Genomics. 25 (2): 559–64. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80058-T. PMID 7789991.
^ "Entrez Gene: ENDOG endonuclease G".
^ ^a ^b Vařecha M, Potěšilová M, Matula P, Kozubek M (Apr 2012). "Endonuclease G interacts with histone H2B and DNA topoisomerase II alpha during apoptosis". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 363 (1–2): 301–7. doi:10.1007/s11010-011-1182-x. PMID 22160858. S2CID 8274092.
^ Büttner S, Habernig L, Broeskamp F, Ruli D, Vögtle FN, Vlachos M, Macchi F, Küttner V, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Eisenberg T, Ring J, Markaki M, Taskin AA, Benke S, Ruckenstuhl C, Braun R, Van den Haute C, Bammens T, van der Perren A, Fröhlich KU, Winderickx J, Kroemer G, Baekelandt V, Tavernarakis N, Kovacs GG, Dengjel J, Meisinger C, Sigrist SJ, Madeo F (Nov 2013). "Endonuclease G mediates α-synuclein cytotoxicity during Parkinson's disease". The EMBO Journal. 32 (23): 3041–54. doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.228. PMC 3844953. PMID 24129513.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167136 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000015337 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7789991-5] Tiranti V, Rossi E, Ruiz-Carrillo A, Rossi G, Rocchi M, DiDonato S, Zuffardi O, Zeviani M (Jan 1995). "Chromosomal localization of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TCF6), single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP), and endonuclease G (ENDOG), three human housekeeping genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis". Genomics. 25 (2): 559–64. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80058-T. PMID 7789991.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: ENDOG endonuclease G".

[pmid22160858-7] Vařecha M, Potěšilová M, Matula P, Kozubek M (Apr 2012). "Endonuclease G interacts with histone H2B and DNA topoisomerase II alpha during apoptosis". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 363 (1–2): 301–7. doi:10.1007/s11010-011-1182-x. PMID 22160858. S2CID 8274092.

[pmid24129513-8] Büttner S, Habernig L, Broeskamp F, Ruli D, Vögtle FN, Vlachos M, Macchi F, Küttner V, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Eisenberg T, Ring J, Markaki M, Taskin AA, Benke S, Ruckenstuhl C, Braun R, Van den Haute C, Bammens T, van der Perren A, Fröhlich KU, Winderickx J, Kroemer G, Baekelandt V, Tavernarakis N, Kovacs GG, Dengjel J, Meisinger C, Sigrist SJ, Madeo F (Nov 2013). "Endonuclease G mediates α-synuclein cytotoxicity during Parkinson's disease". The EMBO Journal. 32 (23): 3041–54. doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.228. PMC 3844953. PMID 24129513.

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