55°51′38″N4°14′07″W / 55.8605°N 4.2354°W / 55.8605; -4.2354Duke Street Prison (also known as Bridewell or the Northern or North Prison) was one of eight prisons which served Glasgow and its surrounding area prior to the mid nineteenth century.[1] An early example of the 'separate system', it was noted in 1841 that Duke Street Prison was Scotland's only 'well managed prison'.[1][2][3]
Duke Street Prison received its first inmates in 1798.[4] The passing in 1839 of An Act to Improve Prisons and Prison Discipline started the creation of a centralised prison system which resulted in the closure of many of Scotland's smaller prisons. Between 1839 and 1862, seven of Glasgow's prisons were closed, leaving only the Duke Street Prison.[2] Further legislation in 1860 and 1877 brought the management of Scottish prisons under the control of the state and led to the building of larger prison complexes.[2] After 1882, male prisoners from Duke Street were moved to the newly built prison HM Prison Barlinnie in the Eastern suburbs of Glasgow.[1] Duke Street Prison then operated as a women's prison until 1955.[4] In 1946 it was the first women's prison in Scotland to appoint a woman, the Hon Victoria Alexandrina Katherine Bruce as Governor.[5]
The building was demolished in 1958 to eventually make way for the Ladywell housing scheme which was built on the site from 1961–1964 and stands till this day.[6] The only remaining structure of Duke Street Prison is some of the boundary wall.[7][8]
Living conditions within the prison became the subject of a Glasgow street song, sung to the tune of 'There Is a Happy Land'.
There is a happy land,
doon Duke Street Jail,
Where a' the prisoners stand,
tied tae a nail.
Ham an' eggs they never see,
dirty watter fur yer tea;
there they live in misery
God Save the Queen![4]
^ abcWilson, Lynne (2012). A Grim Almanac of Glasgow. The History Press.
^ abcHistoric Environment Scotland (2015). Scotland's Prisons Research Report. Historic Environment Scotland. pp. 9, 15, 21.
^"The Scottish Prisons". The Scotsman. 11 September 1841.
^ abcNaughton, Nuala (2014). Glasgow's East End: From Bishops to Barraboys. Random House. pp. 139–141.
^Key, F E (27 September 1946). "News and views". The Woman Teacher. 27 (16): 184. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
^Memories: Duke Street Ladywell Housing and it rained in 1957, Evening Times, 12 January 2016
^Elizabeth Williamson, Anne Riches & Malcolm Higgs, The Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow. London: Penguin Books 1990. ISBN 0-14-071069-8
^"Six Days In North Prison On Duke Street: Glasgow's Bridewell For Untried Prisoners". History of the Restoration Movement. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
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