The vaporizing droplet (droplet vaporization) problem is a challenging issue in fluid dynamics. It is part of many engineering situations involving the transport and computation of sprays: fuel injection, spray painting, aerosol spray, flashing releases… In most of these engineering situations there is a relative motion between the droplet and the surrounding gas. The gas flow over the droplet has many features of the gas flow over a rigid sphere: pressure gradient, viscous boundary layer, wake. In addition to these common flow features one can also mention the internal liquid circulation phenomenon driven by surface-shear forces and the boundary layer blowing effect.
One of the key parameter which characterizes the gas flow over the droplet is the droplet Reynolds number based on the relative velocity, droplet diameter and gas phase properties. The features of the gas flow have a critical impact on the exchanges of mass, momentum and energy between the gas and the liquid phases and thus, they have to be properly accounted for in any vaporizing droplet model.
As a first step it is worth investigating the simple case where there is no relative motion between the droplet and the surrounding gas. It will provide some useful insights on the physics involved in the vaporizing droplet problem. In a second step models used in engineering situations where a relative motion between the droplet and the surrounding exists are presented.
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The vaporizingdroplet (dropletvaporization) problem is a challenging issue in fluid dynamics. It is part of many engineering situations involving the...
within the droplet, cause the dispersed medium to vaporize. Acoustic droplet ejection Carson, Paul L.; et al. "Acoustic DropletVaporization". University...
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part of the water dropletvaporizes immediately on contact with the hot pan. The resulting gas suspends the rest of the water droplet just above it, preventing...
that it should not be used, except in clinical trials. In acoustic dropletvaporization (ADV), albumin is sometimes used as a surfactant. ADV has been proposed...
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smaller droplets, giving a much higher ratio of surface area to volume. This provides improved vaporization from the surface of the fuel droplets, and so...
liquid water droplets. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Steam that...
suspension in a hot gas. The slurry is first atomized into very small liquid droplets which are then sprayed into a stream of hot dry air. The liquid rapidly...
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small droplets. Atomization may also refer to: The making of an aerosol, which is a colloidal suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a...
with different boiling points Drying, removes liquid from a solid by vaporization or evaporation Electrophoresis, separates organic molecules based on...
ultrasonic power to break up solutions and suspensions into small aerosol droplets that are inhaled from the mouthpiece of the device. An aerosol is a mixture...
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1–2 micrometers are very spherical, corresponding to vaporized material condensing into droplets and then solidifying. The radioactivity is evenly distributed...
lightning (<15,000 to 30,000 K). The observed data are consistent with vaporization of soil as well as with ball lightning's sensitivity to electric fields...
maximizing surface area hence heat transfer and the rate of water vaporization. Droplet sizes can range from 20 to 180 μm depending on the nozzle. There...
matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined...
photolithography. To eject a droplet from each chamber, a pulse of current is passed through the heating element causing a rapid vaporization of the ink in the chamber...
Emulsions, being liquids, do not exhibit a static internal structure. The droplets dispersed in the continuous phase (sometimes referred to as the "dispersion...
companies. ULV refers to the droplet size (between 20–30 micrometers) generated by these fog machines. This fine droplet size is known as the optimum...
within a room or an enclosed space. It achieves this by emitting water droplets or steam into the surrounding air, thereby raising the humidity. In the...
procedures include incorporating electrothermal vaporization, laser and spark ablation, and glow-discharge vaporization. Spark or arc atomic emission spectroscopy...
The efficiency of the Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of vaporization of the working fluid. Unless the pressure and temperature reach supercritical...