Intentional non-compliance with military conscription
Conscription
1780 caricature of a press gang
Related concepts
Alternative civilian service
Civil conscription
Conscientious objector
Conscription crisis
Counter-recruitment
Draft-card burning
Draft evasion
Impressment
Military service
National service
War resister
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Conscription evasion or draft evasion (American English)[1] is any successful attempt to elude a government-imposed obligation to serve in the military forces of one's nation. Sometimes draft evasion involves refusing to comply with the military draft laws of one's nation.[2] Illegal draft evasion is said to have characterized every military conflict of the 20th and 21st centuries, in which at least one party of such conflict has enforced conscription.[3] Such evasion is generally considered to be a criminal offense,[2] and laws against it go back thousands of years.[4]
There are many draft evasion practices. Those that manage to adhere to or circumvent the law, and those that do not involve taking a public stand, are sometimes referred to as draft avoidance. Draft evaders are sometimes pejoratively referred to as draft dodgers,[5] although in certain contexts that term has also been used non-judgmentally[6][7] or as an honorific.[8]
Practices that involve lawbreaking or taking a public stand are sometimes referred to as draft resistance. Although draft resistance is discussed below as a form of "draft evasion", draft resisters and scholars of draft resistance reject the categorization of resistance as a form of evasion or avoidance. Draft resisters argue that they seek to confront, not evade or avoid, the draft.[9]
Draft evasion has been a significant phenomenon in nations as different as Colombia, Eritrea, Canada, France, Russia, South Korea, Syria, Ukraine and the United States. Accounts by scholars and journalists, along with memoiristic writings by draft evaders, indicate that the motives and beliefs of the evaders cannot be usefully stereotyped.
^"draft meaning - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
^ abBeare, Margaret E., ed. (2012). Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime and Justice. Sage Publications, p. 110 ("Draft Dodging" entry). ISBN 978-1-4129-9077-6.
^Cite error: The named reference Wittmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Christ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bell, Walter F. "Draft Dodgers". In Tucker, Spencer C. (2013). American Civil War: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 545–546. ISBN 978-1-85109-677-0.
^Cite error: The named reference Luhn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Rachel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kasinsky, Renée G. (2006). "Fugitives from Injustice: Vietnam War Draft Dodgers and Deserters in British Columbia". In Evans, Sterling, ed. (2006). The Borderlands of the American and Canadian West: Essays on Regional History of the Forty-ninth Parallel. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8032-1826-0.
^Foley, Michael S. (2003). Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance During the Vietnam War. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 6. ISBN 0-8078-2767-3. The blurring of this distinction annoys former draft resisters who today find themselves stressing the difference whenever they talk about it.
Conscription evasion or draftevasion (American English) is any successful attempt to elude a government-imposed obligation to serve in the military forces...
Draftevasion in the Vietnam War was a common practice in the United States and in Australia. Significant draft avoidance was taking place even before...
especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draftevasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians...
draft, 117,986 were substitutes, leaving 50,663 who had their personal services conscripted. There was much evasion and overt resistance to the draft...
support draftevasion, but they are a minority in the Israeli public. After the 2006 Lebanon War media campaigns were organized against draftevasion and...
early 2019, after fines had been received by dozens of young people for draftevasion, the first jail sentences since the return of conscription were handed...
Civil conscription Civilian Public Service Corvée Counter-recruitment Draftevasion Economic conscription Home front during World War I Home front during...
between 1 January and 30 June 1949 became the first batch of enlistees to be drafted for national service. Singapore had sought assistance through official...
Conscientious objector Conscription crisis Counter-recruitment Draft-card burning Draftevasion Impressment Military service National service War resister...
and August 2014, over 1,000 criminal inquires into draftevasion were opened in Ukraine. Draftevasion can be problematic because, unless a male citizen...
similar system in China Conscription in the United States Draft-card burning Draftevasion Lodge–Philbin Act Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations...
for all able-bodied men aged 18 to 25 for a minimum of four months. Draftevasion is punishable by up to a year in prison and a fine of 50,000 riyals...
Israeli teen Tal Mitnick was sentenced to 30 days in jail for refusing the draft, refusing to participate in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, which he condemned...
patriotic American." In 1967 Ali was sentenced to 5 years in prison for draftevasion, but his conviction was later overturned on appeal. In addition, he...
for a total of 16 years. The Chinese system operates through a process of draft registration. De jure, military service with the PLA is obligatory for all...
a sufficient reason for claiming refugee status after desertion or draft-evasion. It is not enough for a person to be in disagreement with his government...
Conscientious objector Conscription crisis Counter-recruitment Draft-card burning Draftevasion Impressment Military service National service War resister...
conscription, or mandatory service in the military, known in US English as a "draft". A dispute can become a crisis when submission to military service becomes...
in 1948, fixed-term military service has been compulsory in Israel. The draft laws of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) only apply to Jews (males and females)...
into Germany. Neddermeyer was arrested the next day by the Gestapo for draftevasion and reciprocal onanism. Neddermeyer was sentenced to three and a half...
Army, but had been turned down; a jury later exonerated Dempsey of draftevasion. Tunney, who enjoyed literature and the arts, was a former member of...
to be drafted into the military, owing to his religious beliefs and ethical opposition to the Vietnam War, and was found guilty of draftevasion and stripped...
a sufficient reason for claiming refugee status after desertion or draft-evasion. It is not enough for a person to be in disagreement with his government...
1001 Ways to Beat the Draft is a satirical Vietnam War protest pamphlet written in 1966 by Robert Bashlow and Tuli Kupferberg. It was also published in...
given time. Conscription in North Korea began before the Korean War. The draft helped to rapidly grow the size of the Korean People's Army (KPA) before...
12-month draft, which is mandatory for all male citizens who are between 18 and 30 years old, with a number of exceptions. Avoiding the draft is a felony...
American draft evaders and military deserters who avoided serving in the Vietnam War by seeking political asylum in Canada between 1965 and 1975. Draft avoiders...
refused the military draft. On October 22, 1942, 25 NOI members were each sentenced to three years in prison for draftevasion. In September 1942, the...
the roughly 1,000 American exiles were around 800 military deserters and draft dodgers. Unlike other nations like Canada that discreetly harbored Vietnam...