In philosophy, downward causation is a causal relationship from higher levels of a system to lower-level parts of that system: for example, mental events acting to cause physical events.[1] The term was originally coined in 1974 by the philosopher and social scientist Donald T. Campbell.[1][2]
^ abØistein Schmidt Galaaen (2006). "The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-09-26.
In philosophy, downwardcausation is a causal relationship from higher levels of a system to lower-level parts of that system: for example, mental events...
interactions of neurons. The parallels between downwardcausation in formal systems and downwardcausation in brains are explored by Theodor Nenu (2022)...
the social causation theory, which posits that socioeconomic inequality causes stress that gives rise to mental illness, and the downward drift approach...
Brain". In Murphy, Nancy; Ellis, George; O'Connor, Timothy (eds.). DownwardCausation and the Neurobiology of Free Will. New York: Springer. Bibcode:2009dcnf...
faced with the highly implausible consequence that every case of downwardcausation involves overdetermination (since P remains a cause of P∗ as well)...
recognition Speech recognition Supervised learning is a special case of downwardcausation in biological systems Landform classification using satellite imagery...
entities, and parents are composed at least partly by their children. Downwardcausation refers to the effect that the incorporation of entity x into a higher-level...
Divine Action; (with G.F.R. Ellis and T. O'Connor, Springer, 2009) DownwardCausation and the Neurobiology of Free Will, Springer; and (with W. R. Stoeger...
Circular cumulative causation is a theory developed by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal who applied it systematically for the first time in 1944 (Myrdal...
Child Development and Care, 1988 Lewis, M.D. "The slippery slope of downwardcausation", Human Development, 2011 Lewis, M.D. "Self-organizing brains don't...
2019. Eronen, Markus I. (December 2013). "No levels, no problems: downwardcausation in neuroscience" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 80 (5): 1042–1052....
He points out that there are many examples of feedback loops and "downwardcausation" in biology, and that it is not reasonable to privilege one level...
existence of such beings. Functionalism (philosophy of mind) Emergentism Downwardcausation Nominalism Multiple realizability Horgan, Terry (1993) "From supervenience...
achieved status characteristics in a society. The movement can be in a downward or upward direction. Markers for social mobility such as education and...
attainment. The drift hypothesis is the opposing theory of the social causation thesis, which says being in a lower social class is a contributor to the...
during certain stages of epigenesis; (2) that the system determines by downwardcausation which genomic constituents are stored in unexpressed form versus those...
critiques of claims for the emergence of chemistry and the existence of downwardcausation. In addition to historical and philosophical work Scerri has published...
biological sciences. Major areas of epidemiological study include disease causation, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, environmental...
question of mental causation, in particular the proposition that mental events (and information in general, as in genetics) can be downwardly causal even though...
of Artificial Life, Princeton University Press, (ISBN 0691029032) DownwardCausation: Minds, Bodies and Matter by Peter Bogh Andersen, Claus Emmeche, Niels...
beneficial effects. There are two types of counterfactual thoughts: downward and upward. Downward counterfactuals are thoughts about how the situation could have...
breathing, suggesting that the diaphragm is not implicated directly in the causation of ETAP. Some have proposed that this abdominal pain may be caused by...
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