Double ionization is a process of formation of doubly charged ions when laser radiation is exerted on neutral atoms or molecules. Double ionization is usually less probable than single-electron ionization. Two types of double ionization are distinguished: sequential and non-sequential.
single-electron ionization. Two types of doubleionization are distinguished: sequential and non-sequential. Sequential doubleionization is a process of...
radiation detectors such as the Geiger-Müller counter or the ionization chamber. The ionization process is widely used in a variety of equipment in fundamental...
Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons...
atoms in the dimer can be ionized by a single photon with energy 63.86 eV. The proposed mechanism for this doubleionization is that the photon ejects...
the composite image: green for hydrogen, red for singly ionized sulfur and blue for double-ionized oxygen atoms. The "stair-shaped" missing part of the picture...
complete experiments were performed include doubleionization of the target by electron impact, transfer-ionization (i.e. one target electron is ejected to...
another threshold is reached at which point doubleionization cannot be sustained and the layer becomes singly ionized hence more transparent, which allows radiation...
An ionization instability is any one of a category of plasma instabilities which is mediated by electron-impact ionization. In the most general sense...
majority of common contaminants found naturally in water ionize to some degree. This ionization is a good measure of the efficacy of a filtration system...
is removed from subunit A. If the resulting (ionized) state is higher in energy than the doubleionization threshold of subunit A then an intraatomic (intramolecular)...
an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} ) is a quantitative measure...
K for planetary atmospheric gases, but unusable beyond 20,000 K (doubleionization is not modelled). CEA can be downloaded from the Internet along with...
peaks than alkanes due to the lower ionization energy of a pi electron than a σ electron. After the ionization, double bonds can migrate easily, resulting...
stable at 10 K, at higher temperatures it isomerizes to formic acid. The doubleionized ion, CO2−2, is known as the carbonite ion. Schreiner, Peter R.; Reisenauer...
dissociation of hydrogen molecules, followed by the ionization of hydrogen and the doubleionization of helium. Angular momentum led to rotational instability...
threshold ionization (ATI) is an extension of multi-photon ionization where even more photons are absorbed than actually would be necessary to ionize the atom...
that the term "ionized" does not mean the bracelets themselves are ionized, but rather that the term comes from their secret "ionization process" which...
these lines range from neutral to highly ionized, leaving it highly charged. This wide range of ionization shows that the gas is highly irradiated by...
Hon-Sum (December 1992). "Gate-current injection and surface impact ionization in MOSFET's with a gate induced virtual drain". International Technical...
are not transferred to the anions forming the double-layer, instead they remain in the strongly ionized and "electron hungry" transition-metal ions of...
there were discoveries of high harmonic generation and correlated doubleionization (in which an atom can absorb hundreds of photons and emit two electrons)...
Spark ionization (also known as spark source ionization) is a method used to produce gas phase ions from a solid sample. The prepared solid sample is...
duoplasmatrons or by electron ionization, for instance noble gases (40Ar+, Xe+), oxygen (16O−, 16O2+, 16O2−), or even ionized molecules such as SF5+ (generated...
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