"Double ratchet" redirects here. For the hand tool, see Wrench.
In cryptography, the Double Ratchet Algorithm (previously referred to as the Axolotl Ratchet[1][2]) is a key management algorithm that was developed by Trevor Perrin and Moxie Marlinspike in 2013. It can be used as part of a cryptographic protocol to provide end-to-end encryption for instant messaging. After an initial key exchange it manages the ongoing renewal and maintenance of short-lived session keys. It combines a cryptographic so-called "ratchet" based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange (DH) and a ratchet based on a key derivation function (KDF), such as a hash function, and is therefore called a double ratchet.
The algorithm provides forward secrecy for messages, and implicit renegotiation of forward keys; properties for which the protocol is named.[3]
^Perrin, Trevor (30 March 2016). "Compare Revisions". GitHub. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
^Marlinspike, Moxie (30 March 2016). "Signal on the outside, Signal on the inside". Open Whisper Systems. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
^Cohn-Gordon, K.; Cremers, C.; Garratt, L. (2016). "On Post-compromise Security". 2016 IEEE 29th Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF). pp. 164–178. doi:10.1109/CSF.2016.19. ISBN 978-1-5090-2607-4. S2CID 5703986.
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