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Doping in sport
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China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), conducted a state-sanctioned doping programme on athletes in the 1980s and 1990s. The majority of revelations of Chinese doping have focused on swimmers[1] and track and field athletes, such as Ma Junren's Ma Family Army (馬家軍).[2]
More recently, three Chinese weightlifters have been stripped of their gold Olympic medals for doping at the 2008 Summer Olympics.[3]
China's doping has been attributed to a number of factors, such as the exchange of culture and technology with foreign countries.[4] Some commentators have compared it to the doping programme in East Germany.[5]
^"China's swimmers racing to escape country's doping past". Reuters. 19 July 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2021. China's swimming programme has seen its reputation tarnished by a series of scandals, most notably when one female swimmer was caught with 13 vials of human growth hormone at Sydney airport ahead of the 1998 world championships in Perth.
^"中国"马家军"昔日联名信曝光禁药丑闻 国际田联称将调查其真实性". Reuters. 5 February 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"3 Chinese weightlifters lose 2008 Olympic titles for doping". Associated Press. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2021. for doping at their home 2008 Beijing Games
^Cite error: The named reference Dong2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Mehlman2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), conducted a state-sanctioned doping programme on athletes in the 1980s and 1990s. The majority...
the World Anti-Doping Code by WADA, doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through...
of the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA). He is best known for his role in exposing Lance Armstrong's massive doping operation. A native of Jacksonville...
involvement in systematic doping and claimed that athletes doped individually. The International Olympic Committee and World Anti-Doping Agency investigated...
claims of systematic dopinginChina". Reuters. 24 October 2017. "Former doctor reveals more than 10,000 Chinese athletes were doping". 24 October 2017....
have been caught doping at the Olympic Games in the world, with more than 150. Doping among Russian competitors is distinct from doping among nationals...
fund a wide-scale doping program. West Germany encouraged and covered up a culture of doping across many sports for decades. Doping of West German athletes...
following is an incomplete list of doping cases and recurring accusations of dopingin professional cycling, where doping means "use of physiological substances...
German doping system ended in the 1990s with the fall of the Berlin Wall. Multiple athletes and individuals came forward with information on the doping system...
drug test in two weeks, was involved in an incident during an out-of-competition anti-doping testing operation at his home, where a doping control assistant...
which Seppelt made with Jo Goll. The film reported about doping and doping controls inChina, in particularly above proven case of stem-cell manipulation...
Blood doping is a form of dopingin which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance athletic performance. Because...
Dopingin baseball has been an ongoing issue for Major League Baseball (MLB). After repeated use by some of the most successful professional baseball...
development of interest in gene doping by athletes and concern about the risks of gene doping and how to detect it moved in parallel with the development...
This is a list of dopingin sport cases, or known cases of performance-enhancing substance use by professional athletes. Tennis: on 15 January 2020, it...
of doping cases in sport (A) List of doping cases in sport (B) List of doping cases in sport (C) List of doping cases in sport (D) List of doping cases...
caffeine. In the later half of the 20th century, anti-doping efforts increased and became standardized by the FEI. A crackdown on horse dopingin 2020 motivated...
"anti-doping". FIFA applies the minimum two-year ban for first-time offenders, although there are exceptions. When a player accused of doping can prove...
the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) in 2000. USADA is recognized by the United States Congress as the official anti-doping agency for Olympic, Pan...
Motor doping, or mechanical doping, in competitive cycling terminology, is a method of cheating by using a hidden motor to help propel a racing bicycle...
anonymous phone call to the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) in June 2003 accusing a number of athletes being involved indoping with a steroid that was not detectable...
China, was disqualified for doping – the first Asian Games athletics winner to be disqualified in such a manner. Chinese hand out long bans. The Independent...
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