Boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream
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Blood doping is a form of doping in which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and endurance.[1] Blood doping can be achieved by making the body produce more red blood cells itself using drugs, giving blood transfusions either from another person or back to the same individual, or by using blood substitutes.
Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sports where it is considered to give an artificial advantage to the competitor. Anti-doping agencies use tests to try to identify individuals who have been blood doping using a number of methods, typically by analyzing blood samples from the competitors.
^Jelkmann, W.; Lundby, C. (2011). "Blood doping and its detection" (PDF). Blood. 118 (9): 2395–404. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-02-303271. PMID 21652677. S2CID 2685044.
Blooddoping is a form of doping in which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance athletic performance. Because...
following is an incomplete list of doping cases and recurring accusations of doping in professional cycling, where doping means "use of physiological substances...
doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors, as a way of cheating. As stated in the World Anti-Doping Code...
United States Anti-Doping Agency v. Lance Armstrong, the Lance Armstrong doping case, was a major doping investigation that led to retired American road...
Look up doping in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Doping may refer to: Doping, adding a dopant to something Doping (semiconductor), intentionally introducing...
blood of the resulting higher viscosity. Another method of blooddoping involves injection with erythropoietin to stimulate production of red blood cells...
suspected blooddoping". Reuters. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021. "Russian triathlete Igor Polyanskiy suspended over possible anti-doping violation"...
Tour has existed, since 1903, its participants have been doping themselves. For 60 years doping was allowed. For the past 30 years it has been officially...
have been caught doping at the Olympic Games in the world, with more than 150. Doping among Russian competitors is distinct from doping among nationals...
there is no evidence that gene doping has been used for athletic performance-enhancement in any sporting events. Gene doping would involve the use of gene...
administrative role. Other bodies that regulate doping within tennis on a national level include the United States Anti-Doping Agency. Cases on the ATP Tour include:...
conducted a state-sanctioned doping programme on athletes in the 1980s and 1990s. The majority of revelations of Chinese doping have focused on swimmers and...
Armstrong faced constant allegations of doping, including doping at the Tour de France and in the Lance Armstrong doping case. Armstrong vehemently denied allegations...
Doping in baseball has been an ongoing issue for Major League Baseball (MLB). After repeated use by some of the most successful professional baseball players...
motherhood". Abortion doping is not on the World Anti-Doping Agency's current list of prohibited substances or methods. Blooddoping Bee, Peta (September...
particularly singled out as a center for doping in East Germany. The 1970s marked the formalisation of the doping system. Although various performance-enhancing...
Athletes have turned to various methods to improve performance, such as blooddoping or taking anabolic steroids. Other technologies being researched are...
Motor doping, or mechanical doping, in competitive cycling terminology, is a method of cheating by using a hidden motor to help propel a racing bicycle...
definitions, policies, and sanctions for doping. WADA bridged these differences by setting unified anti-doping standards and coordinating the efforts of...
additional red blood cells may have been received through another process—for example, being over-transfused (either accidentally or, as blooddoping, deliberately)...
blooddoping. Schmidt had earlier been team doctor at the Gerolsteiner cycling team. In October 2009, Bernhard Kohl, who had been caught in a doping control...
all linked to doping, two admitting cheating. On 24 July 2007 Alexander Vinokourov tested positive for a blood transfusion (blooddoping) after winning...
Summer Olympics. In 2007, he received a two-year ban from cycling for blooddoping. In 2019, he was accused of race fixing by prosecutors in Liège but was...
competitions, including 938 players tested for the blooddoping substance EPO. A study titled "Doping in Germany from 1950 to today", published in August...