Postgraduate academic degree awarded by most universities worldwide
"PhD" redirects here. For other uses, see PHD (disambiguation).
Doctor of Philosophy
Type
Postgraduate education
Duration
3 to 8 years
Prerequisites / eligibility criteria
Bachelor's degree Master's degree (varied by country and institution)
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor philosophiae) is the most common degree at the highest academic level, awarded following a course of study and research. The degree is abbreviated PhD and sometimes, especially in the U.S., as Ph.D. It is derived from the Latin Philosophiae Doctor, pronounced as three separate letters (/piːeɪtʃˈdiː/, PEE-aych-DEE).[1][2][3]
The abbreviation DPhil, from the English "Doctor of Philosophy",[4] is used by a small number of Commonwealth universities,[5] including the University of Oxford and formerly the University of York and University of Sussex in the United Kingdom.[6]
PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Since it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a dissertation, and defend their work before a panel of other experts in the field. The completion of a PhD is typically required for employment as a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.[7]
^"PhD". Oxford Living Dictionaries – British and World English. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^"Ph.D." Oxford Living Dictionaries – North American English. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^"PhD". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^Robert Currie (1994). "The Arts and Social Studies, 1914–1939". In Brian Harrison (ed.). The History of the University of Oxford: The twentieth century. Clarendon Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780198229742. Very few persons had received even an honorary DLitt by 1916 when the Reverend E. M. Walker, Senior Tutor of Queen's, proposed, as the Oxford Magazine put it, that the University 'should divert the stream' of American aspirants to the German universities' degree of philosophiae doctor by opening the DLitt to persons offering a suitable dissertation nine terms after graduation. Apart from a successful move led by Sidney Ball, philosophy tutor at chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OP5ePl7i5EIC&pg=PA125 |St John's, to distinguish the proposed arrangement from both the DLitt and the German PhD by adopting the English title "doctor of philosophy" (DPhil), the scheme meet with little opposition
^"What is a DPhil?". University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2014. A DPhil is the Oxford term for a PhD.
^"MPhil/DPhil in Life History Research". UK: Centre for Life History and Life Writing Research, University of Sussex. 2020. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
^"The disposable academic". The Economist. 16 December 2010. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
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