University conferred law degree or awarded honorary doctorate
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An Oxford Doctor of Civil Law, in Convocation dress, from David Loggan's 1675 engraving Oxonia Illustrata.
Doctor of Civil Law (DCL; Latin: Legis Civilis Doctor or Juris Civilis Doctor) is a degree offered by some universities, such as the University of Oxford, instead of the more common Doctor of Laws (LLD) degrees.
At Oxford, the degree is a higher doctorate usually awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications that contain significant and original contributions to the study of law or politics in general. The DCL is senior to all degrees save the Doctor of Divinity which was traditionally the highest degree bestowed by the Universities. The degree of Doctor of Canon Law was replaced by the DCL after the Reformation.
The degree of Doctor of Civil Law by Diploma is customarily conferred on foreign Heads of State, as well as on the Chancellor of the university (The British Sovereign is unable to receive university degrees, since these would theoretically place him under the jurisdiction of the Chancellor of the university. Prior to her accession, Queen Elizabeth II of the UK accepted several honorary degrees, including an Oxford DCL in 1948.).[1]
The following other higher institutions also provide[clarification needed] for awarding DCL degrees:
University of Durham, United Kingdom
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
McGill University Faculty of Law, Montreal, Quebec Canada
Louisiana State University Paul M. Hebert Law Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Pontifical Lateran University, Rome
Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
In some other universities, the DCL is an honorary degree.
^See 'Honorary Degrees', in Ronald Allison and Sarah Riddell, eds., The Royal Encyclopedia (London; Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991), p. 264.
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