This article is about the medieval province. For the city in modern Turkey, see Diyarbakır. For other uses, see Diyarbakır (disambiguation).
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Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), with its provinces, in medieval times
Diyar Bakr (Arabic: دِيَارُ بَكرٍ, romanized: Diyār Bakr, lit. 'abode of Bakr') is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Mudar and Diyar Rabi'a. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiya in the course of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Bakr was settled by the Rabi'a subgroup of the Banu Bakr, and hence the two provinces are sometimes referred to collectively as "Diyar Rabi'a". In later Turkish usage, "Diyar Bakr" referred to the western portion of the former province, around Amid (which hence became known as Diyarbakır in Turkish).[1]
Diyar Bakr encompasses the region on both banks of the upper course of the river Tigris, from its sources to approximately where its course changes from a west-east to a southeasterly direction. Its main city was Amida (Amid in Arabic), and other major settlements included Mayyafariqin, Hisn Kaifa, and Arzan. Geographically and politically, in early Islamic times the Diyar Bakr was usually part of the Jazira, but it was sometimes joined to the Armenian province to the north. In the late 9th century, it was controlled by an autonomous dynasty founded by Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani. In the mid-10th century, the region passed into the hands of the Hamdanids, but their rule was contested by the Buyids (978–983) and after that the Marwanids.[1]
The Marwanid emirate ruled the region for almost a century before being annexed by the Seljuk Empire in 1084–1085. Following the Seljuk realm's collapse after the death of Malik-Shah I in 1092, a series of small emirates established itself across the region, with the Artuqids of Mardin the most important among them. In the late 12th century, the province came under Ayyubid control, and in the mid-13th century it was divided between the Ayyubids in the east and the Seljuks of Rum, who controlled the western portion around Amida. Around 1260, the region was conquered by the Mongols, who allowed the local rulers to continue to exercise power as their vassals. In the 14th century, the region was conquered by the Aq Qoyunlu, who disputed control with the Qara Qoyunlu and the last Ayyubid princes. In the early 16th century, it was for a time occupied by the Safavids before coming under Ottoman control in 1516.[1]
DiyarBakr (Arabic: دِيَارُ بَكرٍ, romanized: DiyārBakr, lit. 'abode of Bakr') is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces...
DiyarBakr, and later the city of Diyarbakır in southern Turkey, take their names from this tribe. The tribe is distinct from the tribe of Bani Bakr ibn...
Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263. See DiyarBakr. Saladin, 1185–1193 Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200 Al-Awhad...
succeed him in Egypt, al-Ashraf received al-Jazira, and al-Awhad was given DiyarBakr, but the latter territory shifted to al-Ashraf's domain after al-Awhad...
provinces of al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being DiyarBakr and Diyar Rabi'a. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three...
was a Mongol emir and governor of DiyarBakr. He was appointed by Öljaitü as viceroy. His descendants held DiyarBakr in their hands following the dissolution...
pre-Islamic times, mainly in Mesopotamia, but especially in the district of DiyarBakr, where they settled in numbers, and from there to the adjacent Armenian...
for involving in a conspiracy with Sogai and was replaced by Mulai in DiyarBakr. His appointment in Mamluk border was not without incidents. In 1299,...
Picture from Maqamat 43 "Encounter at Al-Bakriya" [1]. "Al-Bakriya" = DiyarBakr, see Eger, A. Asa (18 November 2014). The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier:...
Marwanids may refer to: Marwanids (DiyarBakr), a Kurdish dynasty that ruled in DiyarBakr in the 10th–11th centuries Marwanids, a branch of the Umayyad...
and influential Arab tribe Banu Bakr, who lived across upper Mesopotamia, and gave their name to the city of DiyarBakr. The eldest brother, known as Majd...
became known as the Barambays. Sutay (1312-1316 in DiyarBakr, 1316–1319 in Ahlat, 1319–1332 in DiyarBakr) Hajji Taghay (1332 - 1343) Ibrahimshah (1343 -...
Turkomans first acquired land in 1402, when Timur granted them all of DiyarBakr in present-day Turkey. For a long time, the Aq Qoyunlu were unable to...
of 1174, Nur ad-Din was mustering an army, sending summons to Mosul, DiyarBakr, and the Jazira in an apparent preparation of an attack against Saladin's...
in June–July 1459 in Amid (present-day Diyarbakır) in the province of DiyarBakr to Shaykh Junayd and Khadija Begum bt. Qara Othman, a sister of Uzun Hasan...
governor of Mosul and all three provinces of the Jazira, i.e. Diyar Rabi'a, Diyar Mudar and DiyarBakr. That year the Banu Habib, numbering 12,000 horsemen and...
13th centuries. The Marwanids were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty in the DiyarBakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq/southeastern Turkey)...
both Amida and Hisn Kayfa, beginning the period of Ayyubid rule over the DiyarBakr. Ayyubid rule of Hisn Kayfa was insecure almost from the start. During...
behind and seizing all of its provisions. Tutush consequently withdrew to DiyarBakr where he spent the winter. In 1080, Tutush determined to capture Aleppo...
Bijan clan, who served the Aq Qoyunlu. He was captured and executed in DiyarBakr in 1492 by the Aq Qoyunlu prince Nur Ali Bayandur in vengeance for the...
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