Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac, who introduced it in 1929.[1] The theory poses that the continuum of negative energy states, that are solutions to the Dirac equation, are filled with electrons, and the vacancies in this continuum (holes) are manifested as positrons with energy and momentum that are the negative of those of the state.[2] The discovery of the positron in 1929 gave a considerable support to the Dirac hole theory.[3]
While Enrico Fermi, Niels Bohr and Wolfgang Pauli were skeptical about the theory, other physicists, like Guido Beck and Kurt Sitte, made use of Dirac hole theory in alternative theories of beta decay.[4] Gian Wick extended Dirac hole theory to cover neutrinos, introducing the anti-neutrino as a hole in a neutrino Dirac sea.[4]
^Gottfried, Kurt (2011). "P. A. M. Dirac and the discovery of quantum mechanics". pubs.aip.org. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
^"Dirac hole theory". McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^Jim Branson. "Negative Energy Solutions: Hole Theory". University of California, San Diego. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ abKragh, Helge (1990). Dirac: A Scientific Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0521380898.
was originally conceived of as a hole in the Dirac sea, before its experimental discovery in 1932. In holetheory, the solutions with negative time evolution...
proton. Dirac tried to argue that this was due to the electromagnetic interactions with the sea, until Hermann Weyl proved that holetheory was completely...
component wave functions in Pauli's phenomenological theory of spin. The wave functions in the Diractheory are vectors of four complex numbers (known as bispinors)...
Virtue theory Physics: Acoustic theory — Antenna theory — Atomic theory — BCS theory — Conformal field theory — Diracholetheory — Dynamo theory — Landau...
thought of as "holes" in an infinite electron sea, rather than a new kind of particle, and this theory was referred to as the Diracholetheory.: 72 : 23 ...
hypothesis. Dirac is also seen as having anticipated string theory well before its inception, with his work on the Dirac membrane and Dirac–Born–Infeld...
seen so far. The quantum theory of magnetic charge started with a paper by the physicist Paul Dirac in 1931. In this paper, Dirac showed that if any magnetic...
particles, holes are rather quasiparticles; they are different from the positron, which is the antiparticle of the electron. (See also Dirac sea.) In crystals...
escape it. Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of no...
The simplest and most natural theory of gravity with torsion is the Einstein–Cartan theory. Torsion modifies the Dirac equation in the presence of the...
mass forms a singular black hole. In the Einstein–Cartan theory, however, the minimal coupling between torsion and Dirac spinors generates a repulsive...
physics, a Dirac string is a one-dimensional curve in space, conceived of by the physicist Paul Dirac, stretching between two hypothetical Dirac monopoles...
compact mass forms a singular Schwarzschild black hole. In the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory of gravity, however, it forms a regular Einstein–Rosen...
In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field...
2(1), 141-155. P.A.M. Dirac(1975), General Theory of Relativity, Wiley Interscience, p.9 P.A.M. Dirac(1975), General Theory of Relativity, Wiley Interscience...
delay and singularities/black holes. So far, all tests of general relativity have been shown to be in agreement with the theory. The time-dependent solutions...
most comprehensive theory of particles, treats the electron as a point particle. There is no evidence that the electron is a black hole (or naked singularity)...
surface for the holes. The two conical surfaces touch each other and form a zero-band gap semimetal. The name of Dirac cone comes from the Dirac equation that...
The holographic principle resolves the black hole information paradox within the framework of string theory. However, there exist classical solutions to...
A theory of everything (TOE), final theory, ultimate theory, unified field theory or master theory is a hypothetical, singular, all-encompassing, coherent...
string theory. These include his work on Calabi–Yau compactification and topology change in string theory, and on the stringy origin of black hole entropy...
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