Global InformationDiabetic embryopathy information
| Diabetic embryopathy | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Fetus of mother with diabetes | |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Complications | major birth defects and spontaneous abortions |
| Causes | maternal hyperglycemia |
Diabetic embryopathy refers to congenital maldevelopments that are linked to maternal diabetes.[1] Prenatal exposure to hyperglycemia can result in spontaneous abortions, perinatal mortality, and malformations. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic pregnancies both increase the risk of diabetes induced teratogenicity.[2] The rate of congenital malformations is similar in Type 1 and 2 mothers because of increased adiposity and the age of women with type 2 diabetes.[3] Genetic predisposition and different environmental factors both play a significant role in the development of diabetic embryopathy. Metabolic dysfunction in pregnant mothers also increases the risk of fetal malformations.[4]
- ^ Eriksson, Ulf J.; Wentzel, Parri (2016). "The status of diabetic embryopathy". Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 121 (2): 96–112. doi:10.3109/03009734.2016.1165317. ISSN 0300-9734. PMC 4900070. PMID 27117607.
- ^ Balsells, Montserrat; García-Patterson, A.; Gich, I.; Corcoy, R. (2009). "Maternal and fetal outcome in women with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and metaanalysis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 94 (11): 4284–4291. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1231. ISSN 1945-7197. PMID 19808847.
- ^ Rankin, J.; Tennant, P. W. G.; Stothard, K. J.; Bythell, M.; Summerbell, C. D.; Bell, R. (2010). "Maternal body mass index and congenital anomaly risk: a cohort study". International Journal of Obesity. 34 (9): 1371–1380. doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.66. ISSN 1476-5497. PMID 20368710.
- ^ Miller, Edith; Hare, John W.; Cloherty, John P.; Dunn, Peter J.; Gleason, Ray E.; Soeldner, J. Stuart; Kitzmiller, John L. (1981-05-28). "Elevated Maternal Hemoglobin A1C in Early Pregnancy and Major Congenital Anomalies in Infants of Diabetic Mothers". New England Journal of Medicine. 304 (22): 1331–1334. doi:10.1056/NEJM198105283042204. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 7012627.