This article is about a neologism. For the traditional Islamic legal concept, see Dhimmi.
Polemical characterization of the status of non-Muslims under Islamic rule
Dhimmitude is a polemical neologism characterizing the status of non-Muslims under Muslim rule, popularized by the Egyptian-born British writer Bat Ye'or in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a portmanteau word constructed from the Arabic dhimmi 'non-Muslim living in an Islamic state' and the French (serv)itude 'subjection'.[1]
Bat Ye’or defines it as a permanent status of subjection in which Jews and Christians have been held under Islamic rule since the eighth century, and that forces them to accept discrimination or "face forced conversion, slavery or death". The term gained traction among Bosnian Serb forces during the Balkan wars in the 1990s and is popular among self-proclaimed counter-jihadi authors. Some scholars have dismissed it as polemical.[2]
^Muslims, multiculturalism and the question of the silent majority, S. Akbarzadeh, J.M. Roose, Journal of muslim minority affairs, 2011, Taylor & Francis.
^Zia-Ebrahimi, Reza (13 July 2018). "When the Elders of Zion relocated to Eurabia: conspiratorial racialization in antisemitism and Islamophobia" (PDF). Patterns of Prejudice. 52 (4): 314–337. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2018.1493876. S2CID 148601759.
Dhimmitude is a polemical neologism characterizing the status of non-Muslims under Muslim rule, popularized by the Egyptian-born British writer Bat Ye'or...
Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide is a book by Bat Ye'or. Norman A. Stillman, Professor of Judaic History at the University of Oklahoma...
The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude is a 1991 book by author Bat Ye'or. In the book the author describes her interpretation...
Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom. Deror. 2010. ISBN 978-0980722307. Liberty to the Captives: Freedom from Islam and Dhimmitude through the Cross...
The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom is a book written by Mark Durie, with a Foreword by Bat Ye'or. It deals with the status of non-Muslim populations...
"has surrendered to Islam and is in a state of submission (described as dhimmitude) in which Europe is forced to deny its own culture, stand silently by...
ISBN 9780822585763. Patrick Alexander Younan (2014). "The Coptic Christians of Egypt: Dhimmitude and Discrimination". Law School Student Scholarship. Chatty, Dawn (15...
orient on the eve of Islam: Political and economic aspects of Dhimmitude". Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Madison, New Jersey and Vancouver...
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 9780838636886...
(May 1996). Third Way (magazine). p. 18. Bat Yeʼor (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 309....
195 David Littman, Universal Human Rights and "Human Rights in Islam", dhimmitude.org, archived from the original on 2002-11-13, retrieved 2006-02-24 (Article...
Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide by Bat Yeʼor. 116-18 Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide by Bat Yeʼor. 40 Islam and Dhimmitude:...
refused to accept either of the options they would be killed. Islam portal Dhimmitude – Polemical characterization of the status of non-Muslims under Islamic...
of America. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8276-0116-1. Bat Ye'or (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude. Where Civilizations Collide. Madison/Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson...
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude: 7th–20th Centuries. Farleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 522. ISBN 978-0-8386-3688-6...
1970, p. 82. Ye’r, Bat; Kochan, Miriam; Littman, David (2001), Islam and Dhimmitude, US: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, p. 142, ISBN 978-0-8386-3942-9...
JSTOR 24709777. Al-Nawawi, Minhadj, quoted in Bat Ye'or (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude. Where Civilizations Collide. Madison/Teaneck, J: Fairleigh Dickinson...
ISBN 978-1-55605-341-2. Durie, Mark (2010). The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom. Deror Books. ISBN 978-0-9807223-0-7. OCLC 695930410. Esposito...
(1996). The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude : Seventh-twentieth Century. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 96....
of a thief." He has been described as an early advocate of Bat Ye'or's dhimmitude concept. Phares has also asserted that jihadists are posing as civil rights...
admittedly, converted into mosques. However, these rights and privileges (see Dhimmitude), including freedom of worship and religious organisation, were often...
Thirteen, Number 3 (74), June 2000. Nisan, Mordechai (Fall 2002). "Islam and Dhimmitude". Middle East Quarterly. 9 (4). "The War of Islam Against Minorities in...
Global Information