Speech and language disorder with orofacial dyspraxia
Developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), also known as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and developmental apraxia of speech (DAS),[1] is a condition in which an individual has problems saying sounds, syllables and words. This is not because of muscle weakness or paralysis. The brain has problems planning to move the body parts (e.g., lips, jaw, tongue) needed for speech. The individual knows what they want to say, but their brain has difficulty coordinating the muscle movements necessary to say those words.[2]
The exact cause of this disorder is usually unknown.[1] Many observations suggest a genetic cause of DVD, as many with the disorder have a family history of communication disorders.[1][3][4][5] The gene FOXP2 has been implicated in many studies of the condition, and when this is the cause, the condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, however roughly 75% of these cases are de novo.[6]
There is no cure for DVD, but with appropriate, intensive intervention, people with this motor speech disorder can improve significantly.[7]
^ abcMorgan AT, Vogel AP (March 2009). "A Cochrane review of treatment for childhood apraxia of speech". European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 45 (1): 103–10. PMID 19156019.
^"Childhood Apraxia of Speech" (web page). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) (2014).
^Vargha-Khadem F, Watkins K, Alcock K, Fletcher P, Passingham R (January 1995). "Praxic and nonverbal cognitive deficits in a large family with a genetically transmitted speech and language disorder". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (3): 930–3. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92..930V. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.3.930. PMC 42734. PMID 7846081.
^Watkins KE, Gadian DG, Vargha-Khadem F (November 1999). "Functional and structural brain abnormalities associated with a genetic disorder of speech and language". American Journal of Human Genetics. 65 (5): 1215–21. doi:10.1086/302631. PMC 1288272. PMID 10521285.
^Newbury DF, Monaco AP (October 2010). "Genetic advances in the study of speech and language disorders". Neuron. 68 (2): 309–20. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.001. PMC 2977079. PMID 20955937.
^Morgan, Angela; Fisher, Simon E.; Scheffer, Ingrid; Hildebrand, Michael (1993), Adam, Margaret P.; Ardinger, Holly H.; Pagon, Roberta A.; Wallace, Stephanie E. (eds.), "FOXP2-Related Speech and Language Disorders", GeneReviews®, University of Washington, Seattle, PMID 27336128, retrieved 2019-05-16
^Dauer K, Irwin S, Schippits S (August 1996). Becoming Verbal and Intelligible: A Functional Motor Programming Approach for Children with Developmental Verbal Apraxia. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0761631729.
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