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Deng Xiaoping Theory (Chinese: 邓小平理论; pinyin: Dèng Xiǎopíng Lǐlùn), also known as Dengism,[1][2] is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.[3]: 1500 The theory does not reject Marxism–Leninism or Maoism, but instead claims to be an adaptation of them to the existing socioeconomic conditions of China.[4][5]
The theory also played an important role in China's modern economy, as Deng stressed opening China to the outside world,[6] the implementation of one country, two systems, and through the phrase "seek truth from facts",[3]: 1500 an advocation of political and economic pragmatism.[7][8]
^Nathan, Andrew J. (1999). Dilemmas of Reform in Jiang Zemin's China. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 34–36, 39, 46. ISBN 978-1-55587-851-1 – via Google Books.
^Tang, Wenfang (2005). Public Opinion and Political Change in China. Stanford University Press. pp. 73, 75, 213. ISBN 978-0-8047-5220-6 – via Google Books.
^ abGuo, Dingping (2011). "Marxism". In Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo (eds.). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. Vol. 5. SAGE Publications. pp. 1495–1501. doi:10.4135/9781412994163. ISBN 9781412959636.
^"The Years of Hardship and Danger". Peoples Daily China. 14 September 2010. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
^Zhang, Wei-Wei (1996). Ideology and economic reform under Deng Xiaoping, 1978–1993. Routledge.
^Xiaoping, Deng (10 October 1978). "Carry out the policy of opening to the outside world and learn advanced science and technology from other countries". Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
^"Ideological Foundation". Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
^Bader, Jeffrey A. (February 2016). "How Xi Jinping Sees the World… and Why" (PDF). Order from Chaos: Foreign Policy in a Troubled World. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2021.
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is the last living panda not owned by China. In 1984, China's leader DengXiaoping modified the policy, such that subsequent pandas would be leased, instead...
was similar to those in recent decades. Before that, the Party under DengXiaoping deliberately encouraged turnover by imposing term limits and retirement...
Zedong era, Mao himself selected and expelled members, while during the DengXiaoping era consultations among party elders on the Central Advisory Commission...
said to be a continuation of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, DengXiaopingTheory, the Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development...
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