Words requiring context to understand their meaning
Image depicting temporal, spatial and personal deixis, including a deictic center
In linguistics, deixis (/ˈdaɪksɪs/, /ˈdeɪksɪs/)[1] is the use of words or phrases to refer to a particular time (e.g. then), place (e.g. here), or person (e.g. you) relative to the context of the utterance.[2] Deixis exists in all known natural languages[3][4] and is closely related to anaphora, with a sometimes unclear distinction between the two.[5] In linguistic anthropology, deixis is seen as the same as, or a subclass of, indexicality.[6]
The term's origin is Ancient Greek: δεῖξις, romanized: deixis, lit. 'display, demonstration, or reference'. To this, Chrysippus (c. 279 – c. 206 BCE) added the specialized meaning point of reference, which is the sense in which the term is used in contemporary linguistics.[7]
^Oxford English Dictionary 3rd Ed. (2003)
^Hanks, William F. (2009-01-01). "Fieldwork on deixis". Journal of Pragmatics. Towards an Emancipatory Pragmatics. 41 (1): 10–24. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.003. ISSN 0378-2166.
^Lyons, John (1977) "Deixis, space and time" in Semantics, Vol. 2, pp. 636–724. Cambridge University Press.
^"Deixis – a pragmatic universal? Barbara Kryk", Toward a Typology of European Languages, De Gruyter Mouton, 2011-04-20, pp. 49–62, doi:10.1515/9783110863178.49, ISBN 978-3-11-086317-8, retrieved 2024-06-06
^Schiffrin, Deborah (1990-01-01). "Between text and context: Deixis, anaphora, and the meaning of then". Text - Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse. 10 (3): 245–270. doi:10.1515/text.1.1990.10.3.245. ISSN 1860-7349.
^Nunberg, Geoffrey (1993). "Indexicality and Deixis". Linguistics and Philosophy. 16 (1): 1–43. doi:10.1007/BF00984721. ISSN 0165-0157. JSTOR 25001498.
^S. E. M VIII.96; see The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics, 2003, p. 89.
anthropology, deixis is seen as the same as, or a subclass of, indexicality. The term's origin is Ancient Greek: δεῖξις, romanized: deixis, lit. 'display...
are topical to the conversation. Notes: Diacritics in deixis are not mandatory in Malagasy. Deixis marked by a * are rarely used. Malagasy shares much of...
The term "deixis" refers to the ways in which language encodes contextual information into its grammatical system. More broadly, deixis refers to the...
be understood without context. Demonstratives are often used in spatial deixis (where the speaker or sometimes the listener is to provide context), but...
elaborate systems of "social deixis", or systems of signalling social distance through linguistic means. In English, social deixis is shown mostly through...
In linguistics, grammatical person is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically, the distinction...
visitor is Canadian' and 'the visitor is a Canadian' respectively. The deixis system has a proximal/medial/distal and a non-demonstrative/demonstrative...
Seneca (/ˈsɛnəkə/; in Seneca, Onöndowaʼga꞉ʼ Gawë꞉noʼ, or Onötowáʼka꞉) is the language of the Seneca people, one of the Six Nations of the Hodinöhsö꞉niʼ...
the key to understanding deixis, traditionally a difficult problem for semantic theory. In linguistic anthropology, deixis is defined as referential...
tables show the Akkadian demonstrative pronouns according to near and far deixis: Relative pronouns in Akkadian are shown in the following table: Unlike...
Euro English, Euro-English or European English, less commonly known as EU English, Continental English and EU Speak, is a group of dialects of the English...
number of the subject by a prefixal concordpronoun on the verb. Locative deixis pays careful attention to the relative position (both horizontal and vertical)...
The grammar of American Sign Language (ASL) has rules just like any other sign language or spoken language. ASL grammar studies date back to William Stokoe...
writing). ISBN 978-0-415-18589-9. Kupreyev, Maxim N. (2022) [copyright: 2023]. Deixis in Egyptian: The Close, the Distant, and the Known. Brill. p. 3. "What Is...
addition to the personal deixis (pronoun and possessive) series above, Nduke has classes of words for spatial and time deixis. Sources for documentation...
Tifal is an Ok language spoken in Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Tifal (Tifalmin), Urap (Urapmin) and Atbal (Atbalmin). The Tifal language is bounded by...
of not articulating high vowels after nasals. There are three degrees of deixis, here/this, there/that, yonder/yon. Tolomako has inalienably possessed nouns...
The English pronouns form a relatively small category of words in Modern English whose primary semantic function is that of a pro-form for a noun phrase...
Atakapa (/əˈtækəpə, -pɑː/, natively Yukhiti) is an extinct language isolate native to southwestern Louisiana and nearby coastal eastern Texas. It was spoken...
indefinite pronouns are: The demonstratives distinguish three degrees of deixis (proximate, distal, remote) and simple ('this', 'that', etc.) and particular...
grammar of whatever language. Language users have high-level reference (or deixis), the ability to refer to things or states of being that are not in the...
Jeju (Jeju: 제줏말; Jeju RR: Jejun-mal, or Korean: 제주어; RR: Jeju-eo, or 제주말; Jeju-mal), often called Jejueo or Jejuan in English-language scholarship, is...
they did. Gregson's most recent novel, After Silence, was published by Deixis Press in August 2022. Set during the Siege of Leningrad, the story focuses...
and to make new ones like them." — Meditations. iv. 36. – Marcus Aurelius Deixis Extrospection Introspection List of cognitive biases Metaphysics of presence...
aúta-lo i-òro auta-in 3SG.RL-go.inland 'He went in auta direction' Spatial deixis describes how speakers can 'point out' the location of an object in relationship...
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