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Pigs kept on deep-litter material
Deep litter is an animal housing system, based on the repeated spreading of straw or sawdust material in indoor booths.[1] An initial layer of litter is spread for the animals to use for bedding material and to defecate in, and as the litter is soiled, new layers of litter are continuously added by the farmer.[2] In this fashion, a deep litter bedding can build up to depths of 1–2 meters.[3] "The usual procedure for built-up floor litter is to start with about 4 inches (100 mm) of fine litter material with additions of 1 to 2 inches (25 to 50 mm) later as needed without removal of the old. A depth of 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300 mm) is maintained by partial removals from time to time."[4] Many consider this to be a natural means to disposing of animal feces. "The deep litter cultivation is a modern ecological breeding technique based on decomposing feces by microbiological methods, a post processing method for poultry Manure."[5]
^Natural Chicken Keeping. "Deep Litter Method". Retrieved 22 February 2017.
^Mormino, Kathy (30 October 2013). "The Deep Litter Method of Waste Management in Chicken Coops". Retrieved 22 February 2017.
^Groenestein & Van Faassen, 1996 - Volatilization of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide in Deep-litter Systems for Fattening Pigs. J. agric. Engng Res. vol. 65, pp269 – 274
^Plamondon, Robert (28 September 2016). "Deep Litter in Chicken Coops". Retrieved 20 February 2017.
^Li, Hui (2014). "Design Of Moisture Control System For Beddings Of Deep-Litter". Agricultural Science & Technology – via Academic Search Premier.
Deeplitter is an animal housing system, based on the repeated spreading of straw or sawdust material in indoor booths. An initial layer of litter is spread...
In agriculture, poultry litter or broiler litter is a mixture of poultry excreta, spilled feed, feathers, and material used as bedding in poultry operations...
when stocking density exceeds approximately 30 kg/m2 (6 lb/sq ft) under deeplitter conditions. The reduced growth rate is likely due to a reduced capacity...
Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes)...
methods of hens raising: 0, organic egg production 1, free-range eggs 2, deeplitter indoor housing 3, cage farming Each raising method has different requirements...
thousands of birds as a single flock. The floor substrate is usually deep-litter, e.g. wood shavings, which relies upon the controlled build-up of a microbial...
species would not be able to interact. In each inside room, there is "deeplitter" which is a type of mulch to provide a clean inside for the pandas to...
false rumor alleged that certain North American schools were providing litter boxes in bathrooms for students who "identify as cats", or who participate...
watering. This type of housing is used in both regular and organic farming. Deeplitter barns were commonly used on mainland Europe until the late 19th century...
square metre indoors on slats, or 7 birds per square metre indoors in a deep-litter system. The standards dictate a maximum outdoor density of 1500 per hectare...
the genus, Brachybacterium faecium, was first isolated from poultry deeplitter in 1966 along with several other species. Speciation of the strains was...
high relative humidity, montane environments, irregular topography, deeplitter layer and temperate climate. Cloud forests are found in small areas of...
rods during the exponential phase. It was first isolated from poultry deeplitter in 1966. The species was the first proposed for genus Brachybacterium...
Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created solid material that has deliberately or accidentally been released in a sea or ocean. Floating...
they frequent the lower branches of the forest, or in flat areas with deeplitter layers. They prefer woody vegetation under the canopies of trees such...
Deep Blue Sea 3 is a 2020 American science fiction natural horror film, starring Tania Raymonde. Dr. Emma Collins and her team are on Little Happy Island...
industry, deep bed filters of ground walnut shell are used for "polishing" (filtering) oily contaminates from water. At least two companies, LitterMaid and...
2022. Environment, U. N. (21 October 2021). "Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics". UNEP - UN Environment Programme. Archived...
‘feeder’ pigs are moved indoors for the fattening period, e.g. to a deeplitter system. Animals are more environmentally adapted to outdoor surroundings...
gestation period of the frilled shark can be up to 3.5 years long, to produce a litter of 2–15 shark pups. Usually caught as bycatch in commercial fishing, the...
that may presume filter litter as food. The last major health concern to make note of for marine life is the toxicity that deep marine topsmelt and fathead...
breeding". The litter from this mating consisted of four yellow pups, Primrose, Ada, Cowslip and Crocus. The best bitch from this litter, Cowslip, was...
ovoviviparity) after an estimated gestation period of 8–18 years. About ten pups per litter is normal, each initially measuring some 38–42 cm (15–16+1⁄2 in) in length...
Sibylla's son, Baldwin V, crowned co-king before having himself taken in a litter to lift Saladin's siege of Kerak. Baldwin failed to have Sibylla's marriage...
operated underwater vehicles (ROVs), brine pools are found to be eerily littered with dead fish, crabs, amphipods, and various other organisms that ventured...
depth from 900 m to 3000 m; plastic litter could be found in 92.8% of the surveys collected from the Mediterranean deep-sea. Particular attention is now...
breed is correlated with litter size. Miniature and small breeds average three to four puppies in each litter, with a maximum litter size of about 5–8. Large...
under 12 months old. Sire – the male parent of a litter. Dam – the female parent of a litter. Litter – all of the puppies resulting from a single whelping...
catalyst carriers, cat litter. Type C – translucent, micro-pored structure, raw material for preparation of silica gel cat litter. Additionally dried and...
litter arrives. Between 45 and 52 days is normal. There is only one litter per year. They typically have between six and 10 kits per litter. Litters as...
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