Global InformationDanube information
| Danube | |
|---|---|
 The Danube in Budapest | |
 Course of the Danube | |
| Native name |
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| Location | |
| Countries |
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| Cities |
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| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Breg |
| • location | Furtwangen im Schwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
| • coordinates | 48°05′44″N 08°09′18″E / 48.09556°N 8.15500°E |
| • elevation | 1,078 m (3,537 ft) |
| 2nd source | Brigach |
| • location | St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
| • coordinates | 48°06′24″N 08°16′51″E / 48.10667°N 8.28083°E |
| • elevation | 940 m (3,080 ft) |
| Source confluence | |
| • location | Donaueschingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
| • coordinates | 47°57′03″N 08°31′13″E / 47.95083°N 8.52028°E |
| Mouth | Danube Delta |
• location | Romania |
• coordinates | 45°13′3″N 29°45′41″E / 45.21750°N 29.76139°E |
| Length | 2,850 km (1,770 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 801,463 km2 (309,447 sq mi)[2] |
| Width | |
| • minimum | Middle Danube (Iron Gates) 150 m (490 ft); Lower Danube (Brăila) 400 m (1,300 ft)[3] |
| • average | Upper Danube 300 m (980 ft); Middle Danube 400 m (1,300 ft) to 800 m (2,600 ft); Lower Danube 900 m (3,000 ft) to 1,000 m (3,300 ft)[4][3][2] |
| • maximum | Middle Danube 1,500 m (4,900 ft); Lower Danube 1,700 m (5,600 ft)[2][3] |
| Depth | |
| • minimum | 1 m (3 ft 3 in) (Upper Danube)[2] |
| • average | Upper Danube 8 m (26 ft); Middle Danube 6 m (20 ft) to 10 m (33 ft), 53 m (174 ft) (Iron Gates); Lower Danube 9 m (30 ft)[4][3][2][5] |
| • maximum | Middle Danube (Iron Gates) 90 m (300 ft); Lower Danube 34 m (112 ft)[3] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Before the Danube Delta |
| • average | (Period: 1999–2023) 6,484.3 m3/s (228,990 cu ft/s)[7][2]
(Period: 1840–2006) 6,471 m3/s (228,500 cu ft/s)[4] (Period: 1931–2010) 6,510 m3/s (230,000 cu ft/s)[6] (Period: 1970–2015) 6,546 m3/s (231,200 cu ft/s)[8] |
| • minimum | 1,790 m3/s (63,000 cu ft/s)[6] |
| • maximum | 15,900 m3/s (560,000 cu ft/s)[6] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Belgrade, Serbia |
| • average | 5,600 m3/s (200,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Budapest, Hungary |
| • average | 2,350 m3/s (83,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Vienna, Austria |
| • average | 1,900 m3/s (67,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Passau, Bavaria, Germany 30 km (19 mi) before town |
| • average | 580 m3/s (20,000 cu ft/s) |
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| Note: Distances are in kilometers, rounded to the nearest kilometer. Waterway distances are shown, not towpath distances. Country capitals are shown in bold. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Danube (/ˈdæn.juːb/ DAN-yoob; known by various names in other languages) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest south into the Black Sea. A large and historically important river, it was once a frontier of the Roman Empire. In the 21st century, it connects ten European countries, running through their territories or marking a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for 2,850 km (1,770 mi), passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine. Among the many cities on the river are four national capitals: Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest, and Belgrade. Its drainage basin amounts to 817,000 km² and extends into nine more countries.
The Danube's longest headstream Breg rises in Furtwangen im Schwarzwald, while the river carries its name from its source confluence in the palace park in Donaueschingen onwards. Since ancient times, the Danube has been a traditional trade route in Europe. Today, 2,415 km (1,501 mi) of its total length are navigable. The Danube is linked to the North Sea via the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, connecting the Danube at Kelheim with the Main at Bamberg. The river is also an important source of hydropower and drinking water.
The Danube river basin is home to such fish species as pike, zander, huchen, Wels catfish, burbot and tench. It is also home to numerous diverse carp and sturgeon, as well as salmon and trout. A few species of euryhaline fish, such as European seabass, mullet, and eel, inhabit the Danube Delta and the lower portion of the river.
- ^ "Danube River". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f "ICPDR".
- ^ a b c d e "Long-term Morphological Development of the Danube in Relation to the Sediment Balance".
- ^ a b c Bondar, Constantin. "Hydromorphological balance of the Danube River Channel on the Sector between Bazias (km 1072.2) and Danube Delta Inlet (km 80.5)" (PDF). osce.org. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ "Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia".
- ^ a b c Gâştescu, Petre; Țuchiu, Elena (2012), Gâştescu, Petre; Lewis William Jr, William; Breţcan, Petre (eds.), "The Danube River in the Pontic Sector – Hidrologycal Regime" (PDF), Water resources and wetlands: Conference Proceedings, Tulcea, Romania, p. 18, ISBN 978-606-605-038-8
- ^ "ICPDR-International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River".
- ^ "Points of view expressed by the Romanian authorities and scientific research on the Ukraine's document "Annotated Report on Scientific Research – Complex Environmental Monitoring for the Danube – Black Sea Deep Water Navigation Canal operation in 2017–2018. The Sea Approach Canal Zone"" (PDF). unece.org. Retrieved 30 April 2022.