Cylindroleberididae is a family of ostracods that shows remarkable morphological diversity. The defining feature is the possession of gills: 7–8 leaf-like pairs at the posterior of the body. Other features common to all species in the family include a "baleen-comb" on both the maxilla and the fifth limb, a sword-shaped coxal endite on the mandible, and the triaenid bristles on the basal endites of the mandible.[2]
Species of the Cylindroleberididae are found in marine areas, from shallow waters to depths of more than 4,500 metres (14,800 ft).[3] Most species are approximately 2 millimetres (0.08 in) long. In 2006, there were 219 described species.[4]
A fossil discovered in 2003 with preserved soft parts has been assigned to the Cylindroleberididae.[5] The fossil appears to have gills and is thought to date from 425 million years ago.[5]
^Brandão, S. N.; Angel, M. V.; Karanovic, I.; Perrier, V. & Meidla, T. (2018). World Ostracoda Database. Cylindroleberididae Müller, 1906. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196139 on 2018-09-11
^Erik Mellentin Poulsen (1965). "Ostracoda-Myodocopa Part 2 Cypridiniformes-Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae". Dana Report. XII (65): 1–483.
^Louis S. Kornicker (1981). "Revision, distribution, ecology, and ontogeny of the ostracode subfamily Cyclasteropinae (Myodocopina: Cylinderoleberididae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 319 (319): 1–548. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.319.
^Anna E. Syme; Gary C. B. Poore (2006). "A checklist of species of Cylindroleberididae (Crustacea:Ostracoda)" (PDF). Museum Victoria Science Reports. 9: 1–20. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2007.
^ abDavid J. Siveter; Mark D. Sutton; Derek E. G. Briggs & Derek J. Siveter (2003). "An ostracode crustacean with soft parts from the Lower Silurian" (PDF). Science. 302 (5651): 1749–1751. doi:10.1126/science.1091376. PMID 14657495. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2011-03-09.
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